2023年经济学人 瑞典将建造木质城市(2)

 

    The wood grains in each layer are aligned¹ to provide individual components² of the building, such as floors, walls, cross braces³ and beams, with extremely high levels of strength.

    每一层的木纹都是对齐的，以提供建筑的各个组成部分，如地板、墙壁、交叉支撑和梁，具有极高的强度。

    And because these parts can be manufactured in a factory, where tolerances⁴ are finer and quality control is easier to maintain than on a building site, the use of prefabricated sections cuts down on the delivery of raw materials and allows construction to proceed more quickly.

    由于这些部件可以在工厂制造，与建筑工地相比，工厂的耐受性更出色，质量控制更容易维护，因此使用预制部件减少了原材料的运输，施工速度也就更快。

    Another advantage is that construction will not be as noisy as it would be if the town were built from concrete and bricks, adds Ms Anas.

    阿纳斯补充说，另一个好处是，相比于用混凝土和砖块建造这座城镇，木质建筑将不会那么嘈杂。

    This makes wooden buildings particularly suitable for urban redevelopment in general, since putting them up is less likely to annoy the neighbours.

    这使得木质建筑特别适合城市重建，因为建造它们的时候不容易惹恼邻居。

    It should also be profitable.

    这也应该是有利可图的。

    Ms Anas is looking for a return on investment of 20% or better.

    阿纳斯女士希望投资回报率达到20%或更高。

    “Sweden is progressive when it comes to wood construction,” she says.

    她说:“瑞典在木结构建筑方面在不断进步。”

    “But I don’t see any reason why it shouldn’t work elsewhere.”

    “但我找不到这在其他地方行不通的理由。”

    The biggest concern most people have about wooden buildings is the risk of fire.

    大多数人对木制建筑最大的担忧是火灾的风险。

    The buildings in Wood City will be fitted with several fire-protection systems, such as sprinklers and flame-resistant⁵ layers, as would also be found on their concrete or brick counterparts.

    伍德城的建筑将配备多个防火系统，比如洒水装置和防火层，和混凝土或砖砌建筑一样。

    At the same time, researchers are coming to believe that engineered timber is, by its nature, extremely fire resistant.

    与此同时，研究人员开始相信，工程木材就其本质而言，是非常耐火的。

    To help win approval for the construction of the Ascent⁶ building, the us Forest Service carried out tests on the laminated timber columns it would use.

    为了获得建造阿森特大厦的批准，美国林务局对将要使用的层压木柱进行了测试。

    After finding them difficult to burn, the columns were awarded an exemplary three-hour fire-resistance rating because they maintained their structural⁷ integrity.

    在发现它们很难燃烧后，这些柱子由于自身保持了结构的完整性，被授予了优异的三小时耐火等级。

    Without a sustained heat source the charring of the outer layer of a big piece of timber protects the structure inside—try lighting⁸ a camp fire when you only have logs.

    如果没有持续的热源，一大块木材外层的炭化会保护内部的结构——比方说当你只有原木时，试一试点燃篝火就知道了。

    Many of the large urban fires of old, like the Great Fire of London in 1666, were mostly fuelled by small sections of timber acting⁹ as kindling¹⁰.

    许多古老的大型城市火灾，如1666年的伦敦大火，主要的引火剂是小块木材。

    So when it comes to building in wood, it is best to think big.

    因此，当涉及到用木头建造房屋时，最好从大的方面考虑。

1 aligned   

adj.对齐的，均衡的

参考例句：

• Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。

2 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

3 braces   

n.吊带，背带；托架( brace的名词复数 )；箍子；括弧；（儿童）牙箍v.支住( brace的第三人称单数 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来

参考例句：

• The table is shaky because the braces are loose. 这张桌子摇摇晃晃，因为支架全松了。
• You don't need braces if you're wearing a belt! 要系腰带，就用不着吊带了。

4 tolerances   

n.宽容( tolerance的名词复数 )；容忍；忍耐力；偏差

参考例句：

• Not only must the centers decrease, but the tolerances to produce quality bonds must also decrease. 不仅中心间距减少，而且产生优质连接的容限也必须减少。 来自辞典例句
• Then analysis the reasons and influencing factors of such tolerances. 最后分析出现误差的原因以及影响因素。 来自互联网

5 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

6 ascent   

n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高

参考例句：

• His rapid ascent in the social scale was surprising.他的社会地位提高之迅速令人吃惊。
• Burke pushed the button and the elevator began its slow ascent.伯克按动电钮，电梯开始缓慢上升。

7 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

8 lighting   

n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光

参考例句：

• The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
• The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。

9 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

10 kindling   

n. 点火, 可燃物 动词kindle的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• There were neat piles of kindling wood against the wall. 墙边整齐地放着几堆引火柴。
• "Coal and kindling all in the shed in the backyard." “煤，劈柴，都在后院小屋里。” 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子