美国国家公共电台 NPR 澳大利亚公布驻阿部队罪行调查报告 残忍杀害39名阿富汗平民

As American forces draw down in Afghanistan, a country that has fought alongside the U.S. is having a reckoning. Australia just released the findings of a years-long inquiry¹ into suspected war crimes committed by its elite² forces. It's recommending a criminal investigation³ for 19 soldiers involved in the killing⁴ of 39 Afghans. NPR's Diaa Hadid reports.

随着美军在阿富汗撤军，一个与美国并肩作战的国家开始进行清算。澳大利亚刚刚公布了其精锐部队涉嫌犯下战争罪的调查结果，这项调查历时数年。调查建议对参与杀害39名阿富汗人的19名士兵进行刑事调查。NPR新闻的迪亚·哈迪德将带来详细报道。

DIAA HADID, BYLINE⁵: The head of the Australian Defence Force, Angus Campbell, outlined what the inquiry found.

迪亚·哈迪德连线：澳大利亚国防军总司令安格斯·坎贝尔概述了调查结果。

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ANGUS CAMPBELL: Rules were broken, stories concocted⁶, lies told and prisoners killed.

安格斯·坎贝尔：违反规则，编造故事，说谎，杀害囚犯。

HADID: He says special forces lied about shooting unarmed men. They planted guns on corpses⁷ so they could claim they'd targeted combatants. General Campbell said some were killed as part of an initiation⁸ ritual.

哈迪德：他表示，澳大利亚特种部队在射杀手无寸铁的人一事上撒了谎。他们把枪放在尸体上，这样他们就可以宣称他们的目标是战斗人员。坎贝尔将军表示，有些人是以入会仪式为由被杀害。

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CAMPBELL: This shameful⁹ record includes alleged¹⁰ instances in which new patrol members were coerced¹¹ to shoot a prisoner in order to achieve that soldier's first kill in an appalling¹² practice known as blooding.

坎贝尔：这一可耻的记录包括，刚加入的巡逻队员会被迫射杀一名囚犯，以在这一被称为“出血”的可怕惯例中完成“首杀”。

HADID: And he added this message for the Afghan people.

哈迪德：他还向阿富汗人民传达了以下信息。

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CAMPBELL: I sincerely and unreservedly apologize for any wrongdoing by Australian soldiers.

坎贝尔：我真诚地、毫无保留地为澳大利亚士兵的任何不当行为道歉。

HADID: The inspector¹³ general of Australia's Defence Force began its inquiry four years ago, after a researcher uncovered alleged atrocities¹⁴. It then morphed into the most wide-ranging investigation so far of any military attached to the U.S.-led effort in Afghanistan. It examined the period from 2005 to 2016. Many details in the report were redacted. But in March, Australia's public broadcaster, the ABC, aired footage of one suspected incident.

哈迪德：四年前，一位研究人员发现了这些暴行，澳大利亚国防军总督察随即展开调查。随后，这演变成了迄今为止与美国领导的阿富汗军事行动有关的最广泛调查。调查审查了2005年至2016年期间的行动。报告中的许多细节都被经过编辑。但今年3月，澳大利亚广播公司（简称ABC）播出了一起疑似事件的录像。

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UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER: The helmet camera footage you're seeing is from the SAS patrol dog handler.

身份不明的记者：大家看到的是头盔摄像机拍下的镜头，由澳大利亚空降特勤团（简称SAS）的巡逻犬训练员所拍摄。

HADID: The footage shows an Afghan man in a wheat field. The patrol dog pins him down. A soldier walks up and points his weapon. He asks the dog handler if he should shoot, and then he does.

哈迪德：录像显示，一名阿富汗男子在麦田里。巡逻犬将他制服。一名士兵走过来用武器指着他。那名士兵问训犬员是否应该开枪，然后他就开枪了。

HADID: Human rights advocates believe few of these incidents ever came to light because it's so hard for Afghans to come forward. Consider this farmer, Lalai. He's got one name. He can't read or write. He's about 20. His village, which doesn't even exist on a map, is in a region where the Australian forces were deployed¹⁵.

哈迪德：人权倡导人士认为，这些事件很少被曝光，原因是阿富汗人很难站出来。来看下这名农夫拉莱的情况。他只有名字。他不会读也不会写。他大约20岁。他的村庄就在澳大利亚军队部署的地区，但这个村子甚至在地图上都找不到。

LALAI: (Non-English language spoken).

拉莱：（用非英语语言讲话）。

HADID: He says his brother and his uncle were killed by foreign forces about five years ago. He says they burst into their compound at night and shot them. He says, "We asked the translator, why did you kill them? And he said, these guys, they do whatever they want." Lalai didn't report the incident, but other Afghans did come forward. The Australian inquiry found they were ignored. They also found there was no safe way for soldiers to complain up the chain of command.

哈迪德：他说他的哥哥和叔叔大约在五年前被外国军队杀害。他说，那些人在晚上突然闯入他们的院子并开枪。他说，“我们问翻译，为什么杀他们？翻译说，这些人就是为所欲为。”拉莱没有报告这一事件，但其他阿富汗人确实站了出来。澳大利亚的调查发现，阿富汗人的投诉被无视了。他们还发现，没有安全的方法让士兵向上级领导投诉。

Veteran Chris August Elliott has researched Australia's involvement in Afghanistan. He notes the alleged atrocities occurred over years and involved different units.

老兵克里斯·奥古斯特·埃利奥特研究过澳大利亚在阿富汗的行动。他指出，所指控暴行发生多年，涉及不同的部队。

CHRIS AUGUST ELLIOTT: For that to have occurred as a pattern, it had to have required an entire cultural system of enablement.

克里斯·奥古斯特·埃利奥特：要使之成为一种模式，就必须有一个完整的文化系统来支持。

HADID: Elliott argues the whole military chain of command should be called into account. So does Patricia Gossman of Human Rights Watch.

哈迪德：埃利奥特认为，整个军事指挥系统都应该考虑在内。人权观察组织的帕特丽夏·戈斯曼持同样看法。

PATRICIA GOSSMAN: It would be unprecedented¹⁶ and so important, not just for Australia, of course, but for the Afghans who have never, ever seen justice for so many war crimes over the long period of this war.

帕特里夏·戈斯曼：这将是史无前例的，而且相当重要，当然这不仅对澳大利亚而言，也是对在这场漫长的战争中从未见过如此多战争罪行得到公正审判的阿富汗人而言。

HADID: And that's why Lalai says he hitched¹⁷ a ride for two hours to get to a phone to speak to NPR about his brother and uncle. He says, years on, he still hopes for justice.

哈迪德：阿莱说，所以他才搭了两个小时的车，找到打电话的地方，向NPR新闻讲话他哥哥和叔叔的遭遇。他说，这么多年过去了，他仍然在期待正义。

Diaa Hadid, NPR News, Islamabad.

NPR新闻，迪亚·哈迪德伊斯兰堡报道。

1 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

2 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

3 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

4 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

5 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

6 concocted   

v.将（尤指通常不相配合的）成分混合成某物( concoct的过去式和过去分词 )；调制；编造；捏造

参考例句：

• The soup was concocted from up to a dozen different kinds of fish. 这种汤是用多达十几种不同的鱼熬制而成的。
• Between them they concocted a letter. 他们共同策划写了一封信。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 corpses   

n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The living soldiers put corpses together and burned them. 活着的战士把尸体放在一起烧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Overhead, grayish-white clouds covered the sky, piling up heavily like decaying corpses. 天上罩满了灰白的薄云，同腐烂的尸体似的沉沉的盖在那里。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

8 initiation   

n.开始

参考例句：

• her initiation into the world of marketing 她的初次涉足营销界
• It was my initiation into the world of high fashion. 这是我初次涉足高级时装界。

9 shameful   

adj.可耻的，不道德的

参考例句：

• It is very shameful of him to show off.他向人炫耀自己，真不害臊。
• We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。

10 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

11 coerced   

v.迫使做( coerce的过去式和过去分词 )；强迫；（以武力、惩罚、威胁等手段）控制；支配

参考例句：

• They were coerced into negotiating a settlement. 他们被迫通过谈判解决。
• He was coerced into making a confession. 他被迫招供。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 appalling   

adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的

参考例句：

• The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions.恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
• Nothing can extenuate such appalling behaviour.这种骇人听闻的行径罪无可恕。

13 inspector   

n.检查员，监察员，视察员

参考例句：

• The inspector was interested in everything pertaining to the school.视察员对有关学校的一切都感兴趣。
• The inspector was shining a flashlight onto the tickets.查票员打着手电筒查看车票。

14 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

15 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

16 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

17 hitched   

（免费）搭乘他人之车( hitch的过去式和过去分词 )； 搭便车； 攀上； 跃上

参考例句：

• They hitched a ride in a truck. 他们搭乘了一辆路过的货车。
• We hitched a ride in a truck yesterday. 我们昨天顺便搭乘了一辆卡车。