美国国家公共电台 NPR 和平协议墨迹未干 美国就对塔利班发动了空袭

On Saturday, the United States and the Taliban signed a deal intended as a first step to peace in Afghanistan and the withdrawal¹ of U.S. troops from the country. Just four days later, the U.S. is fighting the Taliban again. The U.S. says it has conducted an airstrike against Taliban fighters.

周六，美国与塔利班签署了一项协议，作为实现阿富汗和平以及美军撤离阿富汗的第一步举措。但就在四天之后，美国再次开始打击塔利班。美国表示，其对塔利班武装分子发动了空袭。

NPR's international correspondent Diaa Hadid joins us now from Islamabad, Pakistan. Diaa, what happened?

NPR新闻的国际记者迪亚·哈迪德将从巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡和我们连线。迪亚，发生了什么？

DIAA HADID, BYLINE²: So according to a spokesman for U.S. forces, they conducted an airstrike against Taliban fighters in the southern Helmand province. Fighters there were attacking an Afghan military checkpoint. And it was the first strike against the Taliban since the U.S. signed a deal with them on Saturday, and that's meant to see a conditional⁴ withdrawal of U.S. and NATO forces within 14 months. Before that deal, the Taliban had abided by a seven-day partial truce⁵. But after the deal itself, it's been vague whether they are meant to continue that or not.

迪亚·哈迪德连线：美军发言人表示，他们对南部省份赫尔曼德省的塔利班武装分子发动了空袭。该地区的武装分子正在袭击阿富汗军方检查站。这是自上周六美国与塔利班签署协议以来，美国首次袭击塔利班，那项协议计划让美国和北约军队在14个月内有条件撤离。在该协议签署前，塔利班遵守了为期7天的部分停火协定。但在协议签署后，他们是否打算继续履行停火尚未明确。

MARTIN: So even though this deal has been signed between the U.S. and the Taliban, the Taliban can still attack U.S. forces or even Afghan government forces?

马丁：也就是说，尽管美国与塔利班签署了这份协议，但塔利班仍能袭击美军甚至是阿富汗政府军？

HADID: Right. So also, the deal is vague on this point. And what analysts⁷ think is happening right now is that the Taliban are testing the limits of the Americans and their commitment to this deal and the Afghan government. And they might have actually been emboldened⁸ by recent events.

哈迪德：没错。另外，协议在这方面含糊不清。分析人士认为，现在塔利班正在测试美国的极限以及他们对这项协议以及阿富汗政府的承诺。他们可能真的受到了最近所发生事件的鼓舞。

Consider this. On Monday, the Taliban announced they're resuming their attacks against Afghan security forces, and they conducted more than 40 just in the Helmand province alone. On Tuesday evening, President Trump⁹ called the Taliban's chief negotiator, and that was the first time an American president has talked directly to anyone in the Taliban. Following that call, the Taliban attacked a military checkpoint and killed 16 soldiers. And then this U.S. airstrike happened in response to a different attack in another part of the country.

看下这个。周一，塔利班宣布重启针对阿富汗安全部队的袭击，他们仅在赫尔曼德省就发动了40余次袭击。周二晚上，特朗普总统致电塔利班首席谈判代表，这是美国总统首次与塔利班人员直接对话。通话之后，塔利班袭击了一处军事检查站，造成16名士兵死亡。随后，美军发动空袭，对阿富汗另一个地区发生的另一起袭击事件进行回应。

MARTIN: What's the strategy? I mean, to the extent that you're able, can you explain what — why this would benefit the Taliban to escalate¹⁰ attacks just after signing this deal with the U.S.?

马丁：策略是什么？在你能力范围内，你能解释一下为什么在刚与美国签署协议后就加大袭击力度会有利于塔利班？

HADID: Right. What it appears to be is that the Taliban need to continue their attacks because violence is their chief leverage¹¹. They don't really have anything else. And they need to demonstrate their muscle, especially as they're going forward with negotiations¹² with the Afghan government to settle their place in a future Afghanistan.

哈迪德：好。现在看来似乎塔利班需要继续发动袭击，因为暴力是他们的主要筹码。他们手中没有其他任何筹码。他们需要展示自己的实力，尤其是他们正在推进与阿富汗政府的谈判以确定他们在未来阿富汗的地位。

And so on this point, I spoke³ to Andrew Watkins. He's a senior analyst⁶ with the International Crisis Group. And he's in Kabul right now. And he says this, the Taliban can't really stop their attacks because it might demotivate their base.

我就这一问题采访了安德鲁·沃特金斯。他是国际危机组织的高级分析师。他现在在喀布尔。他说，塔利班不能真的停止袭击，因为这可能会削弱他们的根基。

ANDREW WATKINS: What if the Taliban, all of a sudden, brings out such an extended reduction in violence that when it calls its fighters to resume in order to put that pressure on the Afghan government, what if the fighters don't return the call?

安德鲁·沃特金斯：如果塔利班突然开始大范围的减少暴力活动，那在其要求武装分子恢复暴力以向阿富汗政府施压时，如果武装分子不回应怎么办？

MARTIN: Right, so what does happen next? I mean, how does this complicate¹³ the talks that are supposed to happen between the Taliban and the Afghan government?

马丁：好，接下来会发生什么？这如何令塔利班与阿富汗政府之间的谈话复杂化？

HADID: Right. So what we're seeing now is just sort of like a hammering out of the parameters¹⁴. And the question is, like, what level of violence will the Americans tolerate in Afghanistan as they prepare to withdraw, particularly against the Afghan security forces, who, let's remember, are their allies, which the U.S. has effectively funded and trained? And because the Americans are being vague on what they'll tolerate, we're probably going to learn the limits airstrike by airstrike.

哈迪德：好。现在的情况就像是在敲定参数。问题是，在美国准备撤军时，他们会容忍阿富汗境内发生何种程度的暴力事件，尤其是针对阿富汗安全部队的暴力活动，记住，安全部队是美国的盟友，而且实际上由美国资助并训练。由于美国对他们的容忍程度态度模糊，我们可能要通过空袭来了解极限在哪里。

MARTIN: All right. It goes on. NPR's Diaa Hadid in Islamabad.

马丁：好。这种情况还会继续下去。以上是NPR新闻的迪亚·哈迪德从伊斯兰堡带来的报道。

Thank you, Diaa. We appreciate it.

谢谢你，迪亚。谢谢你的报道。

HADID: Thank you, Rachel.

哈迪德：谢谢，蕾切尔。

1 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

4 conditional   

adj.条件的，带有条件的

参考例句：

• My agreement is conditional on your help.你肯帮助我才同意。
• There are two forms of most-favored-nation treatment:conditional and unconditional.最惠国待遇有两种形式:有条件的和无条件的。

5 truce   

n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束

参考例句：

• The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。
• She had thought of flying out to breathe the fresh air in an interval of truce.她想跑出去呼吸一下休战期间的新鲜空气。

6 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

7 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

8 emboldened   

v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her. 他借酒壮胆，走上前去向她作自我介绍。
• His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

10 escalate   

v.(使)逐步增长(或发展)，(使)逐步升级

参考例句：

• It would tempt Israel's neighbors to escalate their demands.它将诱使以色列的邻国不断把他们的要求升级。
• Defeat could cause one side or other to escalate the conflict.失败可能会导致其中一方将冲突升级。

11 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

12 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

13 complicate   

vt.使复杂化，使混乱，使难懂

参考例句：

• There is no need to complicate matters.没有必要使问题复杂化。
• These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。

14 parameters   

因素，特征； 界限； （限定性的）因素( parameter的名词复数 )； 参量； 参项； 决定因素

参考例句：

• We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
• See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。