美国国家公共电台 NPR 新冠疫情肆虐之际 美国宣布加大对伊朗制裁力度

Before the U.S. led the world in reported cases of coronavirus, the pandemic was already sweeping¹ through Iran. More than 2,700 people have died there, and the health care system has been devastated². But that hasn't stopped the Trump³ administration from hitting the country with tougher sanctions. NPR's Jackie Northam reports.

在美国的新型冠状病毒确诊病例居世界首位之前，这一流行病已经席卷了伊朗。该国有超过2700例死亡病例，而且医疗体系已被击垮。但这没能阻止特朗普政府以更严厉的制裁措施打击伊朗。NPR新闻的杰基·诺瑟姆将带来详细报道。

JACKIE NORTHAM, BYLINE⁴: To be sure, between exceeding limits on its nuclear program and its support of proxy⁵ groups in the region, Iran has a lot to answer for. To try and change that behavior, the Trump administration has been ratcheting up its maximum pressure campaign, mostly with the use of sanctions. This month, as cases of the coronavirus skyrocketed in Iran, the administration added more sanctions. Dennis Ross, a former Middle East envoy⁶, says the optics are all wrong.

杰基·诺瑟姆连线：当然，一边超过核项目限值一边支持该地区的代理组织，伊朗负有很大责任。为了试图改变伊朗的这种行为，特朗普政府一直在加大其最大限度施压行动，主要通过施加制裁来完成。本月，在伊朗的冠状病毒激增之际，特朗普政府施加了更多制裁措施。前中东特使丹尼斯·罗斯表示，这些全部都是错误的。

DENNIS ROSS: They don't have to go ahead and relax sanctions, but they don't have to add to them at this point because it undercuts their own message. It makes it harder to make it appear as if the Iranians are the ones who are responsible for a lot of their own problems right now.

丹尼斯·罗斯：他们不必继续放松制裁，同时目前他们也不必增加制裁，因为这会削弱他们自已的信息。还会更难让人觉得现在要为伊朗的许多问题负责的是他们自已。

NORTHAM: Mara Karlin, a former Pentagon official who now teaches at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, says the U.S. sanctions have crippled Iran's economy. Still, Karlin says, it's likely the Trump administration will continue to add more.

诺瑟姆：玛拉·卡林是前五角大楼官员，现任教于约翰霍普金斯大学高级国际研究学院，她表示，美国的制裁措施损害了伊朗的经济。不过，卡林认为，特朗普政府很可能继续加大制裁。

MARA KARLIN: I think there are absolutely some in the U.S. administration right now who see Iran's weakness that has been exacerbated⁷ by the virus as an opportunity to further enhance the maximum pressure campaign and disembowel the Iranian regime as much as possible.

玛拉·卡林：我认为现在在美国政府中，绝对有人将伊朗因病毒而加重的疲软视为进一步强化最大限度施压行动并尽可能瓦解伊朗政权的机会。

NORTHAM: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo says the regime is still spending money on its military and that the Trump administration has offered to help Iran during the coronavirus outbreak. Tehran turned down the offer. Pompeo also defends the administration's use of sanctions, saying they work and that there are some exemptions⁸.

诺瑟姆：美国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥表示，伊朗政权仍有军费开支，特朗普政府曾提出在冠状病毒期间为伊朗提供帮助。但伊朗政府拒绝了这一提议。蓬佩奥还为美国政府的制裁措施进行了辩护，称这些措施有效，而且提供了一些豁免。

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MIKE POMPEO: There is no sanction on medicines going to Iran. There's no sanctions on humanitarian⁹ assistance going into the country. They've got a terrible problem there, and we want that humanitarian medical health care assistance to get to the people of Iran.

迈克·蓬佩奥：运往伊朗的药品不受制裁。进入伊朗的人道主义援助不受制裁。伊朗遇到了严重的问题，我们希望人道主义医疗保健援助能到达伊朗民众手中。

NORTHAM: But Karlin says many countries and companies are wary¹⁰ of helping¹¹ Iran out of fear that they could also face sanctions and be cut off from the U.S. financial system.

诺瑟姆：但卡林表示，许多国家和企业都对帮助伊朗持谨慎态度，因为他们担心自已也会面临制裁，担心被切断与美国金融体系的联系。

KARLIN: You could see a lot of European countries who may be wanting to assist Iran during this humanitarian crisis but who are simultaneously¹² fearful of exacerbating¹³ their relationship with the Trump administration.

卡林：你可以看到，许多欧洲国家可能想帮助伊朗度过这场人道主义危机，但同时又害怕令自已与特朗普政府的关系恶化。

NORTHAM: Dennis Ross, now with the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, says while the coronavirus is creating pressure on the Iranian regime, it's unlikely adding more sanctions will make them capitulate and return to the negotiating table.

诺瑟姆：丹尼斯·罗斯目前就职于华盛顿近东政策研究所，他表示，虽然冠状病毒正在给伊朗政权制造压力，但增加制裁不太可能使伊朗屈服并重返谈判桌。

ROSS: Pressure does work — even though they will say it doesn't — pressure does work to affect their behavior. On the other hand, they won't act in a circumstance where they look like they're weak.

罗斯：压力确实在起作用——尽管他们会否认——但压力确实会影响他们的行为。另一方面，他们不会在自已看起来很软弱的情况下行动。

NORTHAM: In the meantime, the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for rolling back sanctions around the world to help battle the coronavirus.

诺瑟姆：与此同时，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯呼吁全世界减少制裁，以帮助抗击冠状病毒。

Jackie Northam, NPR News, Washington.

NPR新闻，杰基·诺瑟姆华盛顿报道。

1 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

2 devastated   

v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的

参考例句：

• The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city. 这颗炸弹炸毁了旧城的一大片地方。
• His family is absolutely devastated. 他的一家感到极为震惊。

3 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 proxy   

n.代理权，代表权；（对代理人的）委托书；代理人

参考例句：

• You may appoint a proxy to vote for you.你可以委托他人代你投票。
• We enclose a form of proxy for use at the Annual General Meeting.我们附上委任年度大会代表的表格。

6 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。

7 exacerbated   

v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. 这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
• The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain. 他们给她吃的药只是加重了她的痛楚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 exemptions   

n.（义务等的）免除( exemption的名词复数 )；免（税）；（收入中的）免税额

参考例句：

• The exemptions for interpretive rules, policy statements, and procedural rules have just been discussed. 有关解释性规则、政策说明和程序规则的免责我们刚刚讨论过。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• A: The regulation outlines specific exemptions for some WPM. 答：该规定概述了某些木质包装材料的特定的例外情形。 来自互联网

9 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

10 wary   

adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的

参考例句：

• He is wary of telling secrets to others.他谨防向他人泄露秘密。
• Paula frowned,suddenly wary.宝拉皱了皱眉头，突然警惕起来。

11 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

12 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

13 exacerbating   

v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• This pedagogical understretch is exacerbating social inequalities. 这种教学张力不足加重了社会不平等。 来自互联网
• High fertilizer prices are exacerbating the problem. 高涨的肥料价格更加加剧了问题的恶化。 来自互联网