PBS高端访谈:埃博拉病毒在非洲西部的爆发规模加大

 　　HARI SREENIVASAN: For more about the situation in West Africa where more than 4,000 people have died of the disease, we're joined now via Skype by Drew Hinshaw of The Wall Street Journal.

　　He recently was in Sierra Leone and Liberia and joins us tonight from Ghana. Throughout the week we have health experts from Europe and in the United States say that the problem is much worse in Africa, that there aren't enough health care workers to deal with this – what's life like on the streets where you've been visiting?

　　DREW HINSHAW: It's terrible. Particularly in Monrovia, Liberia's capital. I was there two weeks and every time I left the hotel I saw some sign of the tragedy. You would see a body on the road, or a sick person surrounded by a crowd.

　　You do see more response too. You see ambulances blaring up and down the street, you see body teams going to collect bodies. Unfortunately, it's just the response just seems so far behind the disease.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: Drew, you've been to this region multiple times now, give us a sense of perspective on the scale of how bad it is.

　　DREW HINSHAW: It's incredible, when I first went there in early August, you really had to work to find Ebola victims, now they find you. The cases are doubling every three weeks. The difference is extraordinary. Everywhere you go, you see this massive increase in Ebola cases.

　　If you look at it, if it's doubling every three weeks. You can sit down with a calculator and kind of plot how bad this could get, how quickly this could become sort of a huge once in a generational event, both for West Africa and for global public health.

　　The scale of this is increasing extremely fast. It's extremely hard to see how public health will catch up with it if that doesn't come down soon.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: Does that mean that the number of doctors has to double every three weeks to try to deal with this volume of patients?

　　DREW HINSHAW: Exactly. I mean Ban Ki-moon just the other day mentioned that we need a twenty-fold increase in what we're doing right now. I think, I mean I'm not an epidemiologist, but my just being in Liberia and Sierra Leone – you'd say yeah he's right.

　　The number of sick people, the number of families that have been totally wiped out, neighborhoods that are crawling with people who have been infected. It's just.

　　There's this huge increase in what it was like in August and what it's like now. The number of doctors and nurses that we need on the ground is just so vast and the gap between what we need and what we have is only getting bigger.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: And at this point they're trying to convince people to stay at home and possibly die there instead of coming to a hospital.

　　DREW HINSHAW: They just have no good answers right now. This is a huge debate. The CDC thinks it's a really horrible idea to basically give people gloves and painkillers¹ and say, ‘okay you know, feed your family members while they have Ebola.'

　　On the other hand, people like UNICEF think ‘what else are you going to do.' People are stuck in a house with their dying relatives.

　　The rules are that you shouldn't touch them, that you shouldn't go near them, that you should leave them in a bedroom essentially² to die, but that's just not a tenable option for most people when their loved one is dying, they get to a point where compassion³ overrules self-preservation.

　　That's exactly how Ebola has been spreading house-to-house and unless there is just a huge increase in the number of hospital beds available, it will continue to happen.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: I think the [Wall Street] Journal had this morning the amount of water for example per patient that it takes to try to contain this.

　　DREW HINSHAW: You need just this massive amount of logistics – bleach⁴, water, you know hundreds of head-to-toe suits every day, face masks, gloves, just a huge amount of logistics that you need build and operate these clinics.

　　I mean the Sierra Leone airport is so far from the capital that you can only get to it by boat. These are countries that just aren't set up to have a huge increase in logistics like that.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: What's happening to the sense of I guess comfort in the people? I mean they must know that the entire world is looking at them in this way and as their economy slows down, are people looking for exit strategies?

　　DREW HINSHAW: People are trying to leave. People are extremely edgy⁵. Even where people accept the science of Ebola, they're obviously scared. And where people don't, they're completely confused and panicked. It's extremely edgy.

　　Just the other day I saw a giant mob. I have no idea what was going on, but it was right outside of an Ebola clinic. A giant mob appeared to be I don't know if they were beating someone, but we turned the car about and left.

　　But everywhere you go, you just kind of angry mobs that are upset about sick people in their neighborhood, or bodies that haven't been collected. People are very, very frightened.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: Alright, Drew Hinshaw of The Wall Street Journal, thanks so much.

　　DREW HINSHAW: Thank you, too.

1 painkillers   

n.止痛药( painkiller的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. 医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。 来自辞典例句
• The primary painkillers - opiates, like OxyContin - are widely feared, misunderstood and underused. 人们对主要的镇痛药——如鸦片剂奥施康定——存在广泛的恐惧、误解，因此没有充分利用。 来自时文部分

2 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

3 compassion   

n.同情，怜悯

参考例句：

• He could not help having compassion for the poor creature.他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
• Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.她对于没有母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。

4 bleach   

vt.使漂白；vi.变白；n.漂白剂

参考例句：

• These products don't bleach the hair.这些产品不会使头发变白。
• Did you bleach this tablecloth?你把这块桌布漂白了吗？

5 edgy   

adj.不安的；易怒的

参考例句：

• She's been a bit edgy lately,waiting for the exam results.她正在等待考试结果，所以最近有些焦躁不安。
• He was nervous and edgy, still chain-smoking.他紧张不安，还在一根接一根地抽着烟。