PBS高端访谈:关于南佛罗里达的寨卡恐慌

 　　HARI SREENIVASAN: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today asked blood centers in two in Florida counties to suspend blood donations until each unit can be screened for the Zika virus.

　　This comes as state health officials investigate four non-travel-related cases of Zika, which may mean the first cases of local Zika virus transmission by mosquitoes in the United States.

　　For an update on all this, I spoke¹ earlier this evening with Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy² and Infectious Diseases.

　　I'm joined now by Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the NIH.

　　Thanks for joining us.

　　DR. ANTHONY FAUCI, National Institutes of Health: Good to be with you.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: All right, first of all, this change in status almost, what does this warning in Florida mean?

　　DR. ANTHONY FAUCI: Well, the warning from the FDA is saying that in the regions in Miami-Dade and Broward County where you have what looks like local transmission of cases, namely, cases that are not travel-related, don't appear to be sexually transmitted, and very likely mosquito-transmitted locally, mainly because those people never left the continental³ United States, so they didn't get infected elsewhere, given that, what the FDA is doing is, they're saying there may be more cases out there.

　　So, in order to protect the blood supply and to be very safe and to keep it safe, they are suspending the collection of blood from those two areas until they can implement⁴ either testing of the units as they are donated or decontaminating of any potential units that might be potentially contaminated.

　　So, they want to be quite safe about it and very prudent⁵, so that we don't get contamination of the blood supply. That's what their particular order is regarding collection of bloods.

　　关于南佛罗里达的寨卡恐慌

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: Now, halting the collection of blood, that is a pretty extreme step. That has got to affect local hospitals that use it, other places that use blood.

　　Is there some evidence that you would base a significant move like this on, an idea that there are local mosquitoes there that would be carrying Zika?

　　DR. ANTHONY FAUCI: Well, there's no doubt that the mosquitoes that are capable of transmitting Zika are in that area.

　　This is the Aedes aegypti mosquito that's extensively seen along the Gulf⁶ Coast, the Gulf Coast states, and up across in part of the East Coast and a little bit out towards the West, but certainly along the Gulf Coastal⁷ states.

　　We know that we have now more than 1,600 travel-related cases, which is the reason why one would have predicted that, sooner or later, you're going to see some local transmission. And the local transmission that we're seeing now is the kind of thing that makes one want to make sure we do what we can to prevent that local transmission from becoming sustained and from becoming disseminated⁸.

　　And the answer to that is by very aggressive mosquito control.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: If the FDA thinks that this is a good step in the Miami area, or Dade County, Broward county area, why not the entire southern half of the United States and where these mosquitoes could be traveling?

　　DR. ANTHONY FAUCI: Well, you don't want to do what is called overreact.

　　And at this point, with the very local in two areas cases now, now four cases that are under investigation⁹, I think that that is prudent enough to do what they did, because experience with other viruses, such as chikungunya and dengue, is that when you do get local spread like this, it tends to stay well-contained, particularly if you do adequate and aggressive mosquito control.

　　So there is not a prediction that it is going to be widespread throughout the area. So what they're doing is, they're taking the prudent step of saying, for the time being, until we learn otherwise, we're going to hold off on the collection of blood that would supply this particular two areas in Florida.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: Now, should there be a screen on blood donations throughout larger regions? Because the FDA came up for a test for that a couple of months ago, right?

　　DR. ANTHONY FAUCI: Right.

　　They came up with a test. And what's being done is essentially¹⁰ what's being done right now in Puerto Rico. So, Puerto Rico has a very extensive outbreak that's getting worse and worse as the weeks go by. There is so much transmission in Puerto Rico that, right now, they're actually doing the screening of the blood supply that we're talking about.

　　But when you have just a couple of cases here and there without the evidence of any massive spread, the prudent decision was to just let's just hold off on collection of blood, and if it gets any worse or it gets to the point where it's more disseminated, then we will do other things.

　　But, right now, they're going to ultimately — they're going to ultimately test the blood supply there.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: All right, Anthony Fauci joining us from the National Institutes of Health tonight, thanks so much.

　　DR. ANTHONY FAUCI: Thank you.

 

1 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

2 allergy   

n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症

参考例句：

• He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
• The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。

3 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

4 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

5 prudent   

adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的

参考例句：

• A prudent traveller never disparages his own country.聪明的旅行者从不贬低自己的国家。
• You must school yourself to be modest and prudent.你要学会谦虚谨慎。

6 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

7 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

8 disseminated   

散布，传播( disseminate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Their findings have been widely disseminated . 他们的研究成果已经广为传播。
• Berkovitz had contracted polio after ingesting a vaccine disseminated under federal supervision. 伯考维茨在接种了在联邦监督下分发的牛痘疫苗后传染上脊髓灰质炎。

9 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

10 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。