PBS高端访谈:欧洲是如何卷入美伊冲突的

JUDY WOODRUFF: And now to the day's other news. U.S.-Iran tensions are still running high, amid new military moves, but both sides are playing down a possible confrontation¹. Iran's President Hassan Rouhani insisted today that his nation will not wage war. U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said that sending more troops to the region is a deterrent², not an escalation³. Foreign affairs correspondent Nick Schifrin takes it from there.

NICK SCHIFRIN: In Washington today, the U.S. and Europe's top diplomats⁴ presented a united front, but they are divide sharply on Iran. E.U. Foreign Affairs Chief Federica Mogherini's visit came less than 24 hours after that troop announcement, which Secretary of State Mike Pompeo described as strictly⁵ defensive⁶.

MIKE POMPEO, U.S. Secretary of State: President Trump⁷ doesn't want war, and we will continue to communicate that message, while doing the things that are necessary to protect American interests in the region.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But while the administration's policy is maximum pressure, Mogherini on Monday urged maximum restraint.

FEDERICA MOGHERINI, Foreign Policy Chief, European Union: What we wouldn't like to see is a military escalation in the region. We think that would be extremely dangerous.

NICK SCHIFRIN: The U.S. blames Iran for the most recent escalation by attacking oil tankers⁸ in the Gulf⁹ of Oman. The military released these photos it says showing Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps¹⁰ sailors removing an unexploded Iranian mine from one of the tankers. In an interview with TIME magazine, President Trump called the attacks "very minor¹¹", but that he would "certainly go to war to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons".

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United States: This was a horrible one-sided deal.

NICK SCHIFRIN: In 2018, President Trump abandoned the deal limiting Iran's nuclear program. Today, U.S. sanctions have dramatically reduced Iranian oil exports and revenue. Under pressure economically, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani is publicly defiant¹².

HASSAN ROUHANI, Iranian President (through translator): Despite all of the Americans' efforts in the region and their desire to cut off our ties with all of the world and their desire to keep Iran secluded¹³, they have been unsuccessful.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Iran vows¹⁴ to exceed caps imposed by the nuclear deal on enrichment and stockpiles if Europe can't deliver economic benefits. European diplomats, who met yesterday in Luxembourg, say they are caught between the U.S. pressure campaign and trying to pressure Iran to stay in the deal, as German Chancellor¹⁵ Angela Merkel said yesterday.

ANGELA MERKEL, German Chancellor (through translator): In regard to the nuclear deal, we are pushing Iran to abide¹⁶ by it. If that is not the case, there will, of course, be consequences.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But analysts¹⁷ say Europe will struggle to fulfill¹⁸ Iran's demands. And more U.S. troops will soon arrive in the region, as tensions continue to escalate¹⁹. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Nick Schifrin.

JUDY WOODRUFF: We will get perspectives on the Shanahan matter and on Iran from sides of the political aisle²⁰ after the news summary.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：下面请听国际局势方面的新闻。美国伊朗剑拔弩张的态势持续升温，期间还夹杂着新的军事行动。不过，双方都在回避正面冲突。伊朗总统哈桑·鲁哈尼今天坚持表示，伊朗不会发动战争。美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥表示，增派军队到该地区是威慑，不是军事升级。下面请听我台外交事务记者尼克从前线发回的报道。

尼克：今天，在美国首都华盛顿，美国和欧洲多位高级外交官形成了联合阵线，不过，他们他们在伊朗问题上态度两极分化。欧盟外交事务高级代表费德丽卡·墨赫里尼到访美国，在此之前不到24小时的时间里，美国宣布了增派部队的消息。国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥称此举是正当防卫。

迈克·蓬佩奥，美国国务卿：特朗普总统不想发动战争，我们也会持续传达这一信息。但同时，我们也会采取必要措施保护美国在该地区的利益。

尼克：虽然特朗普政府的政策是极限施压，但墨赫里尼周一却极力主张最大限度的克制。

费德丽卡·墨赫里尼，欧盟外交事务高级代表：我们不愿看到该地区军事升级。我们认为军事升级会极度危险。

尼克：美国谴责伊朗最近军事升级的行为，因为伊朗袭击了阿曼湾的油轮。美国军队发布了几张照片，从照片上可以看到伊朗革命卫队的多名海员将一个尚未燃爆的伊朗水雷从其中一个油轮上拿下来。在接受《时代》杂志采访时，特朗普总统表示，此次袭击虽然“影响不大”，但“如果伊朗要获取核武器的话，特朗普一定会宣战的。”

唐纳德·特朗普，美国总统：这是糟糕的单边协议。

尼克：2018年，特朗普退出了伊朗核协议，该协议是用来限制伊朗核项目的。如今，美国对伊朗的制裁极大地缩减了伊朗的石油出口和收入。由于面临经济压力，所以伊朗总统哈桑·鲁哈尼在公开场合言辞并不客气。

哈桑·鲁哈尼，伊朗总统（所述内容为翻译版本）：虽然美国在各地区毫不死心，虽然美国意图切断我们与世界其他地方的联系，虽然美国意图让伊朗孤立无援，但美国并未得逞。

尼克：伊朗表示其会越过核协议中关于铀浓缩和储备量的上限规定，除非欧盟能为伊朗带来经济效益。欧盟的多位政治家昨天已在卢森堡会晤过，他们表示自己一方面受到美国的施压，另一方面又希望说服伊朗不退出核协议。这一点，昨天德国总理默克尔就曾表达过。

安吉拉·默克尔，德国总理（所述内容为翻译版本）：从核协议的角度考虑，我们正在敦促伊朗遵从核协议。如果不成功的话，后果会很严重。

尼克：不过，一些分析师表示，欧洲就算历尽艰难，也会尽力满足伊朗的要求。不久后，增派的美国军队将抵达该地区，使得该地区局势升级。感谢收听尼克发回的《新闻一小时》报道。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：新闻摘要过后，我们将从不同的政治角度了解有关美国代理防长夏纳翰和伊朗的消息。

1 confrontation   

n.对抗，对峙，冲突

参考例句：

• We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
• After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后，他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。

2 deterrent   

n.阻碍物，制止物；adj.威慑的，遏制的

参考例句：

• Large fines act as a deterrent to motorists.高额罚款是对开车的人的制约。
• I put a net over my strawberries as a deterrent to the birds.我在草莓上罩了网，免得鸟歇上去。

3 escalation   

n.扩大，增加

参考例句：

• The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句

4 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 strictly   

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

• His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
• The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

6 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

7 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

8 tankers   

运送大量液体或气体的轮船[卡车]( tanker的名词复数 )； 油轮； 罐车； 油槽车

参考例句：

• They should stop offloading waste from oil tankers into the sea. 他们应当停止从油轮上往海里倾倒废弃物。
• The harbour admits large tankers and freighters. 这个港口容得下巨型油船和货轮。

9 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

10 corps   

n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组

参考例句：

• The medical corps were cited for bravery in combat.医疗队由于在战场上的英勇表现而受嘉奖。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

11 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

12 defiant   

adj.无礼的，挑战的

参考例句：

• With a last defiant gesture,they sang a revolutionary song as they were led away to prison.他们被带走投入监狱时，仍以最后的反抗姿态唱起了一支革命歌曲。
• He assumed a defiant attitude toward his employer.他对雇主采取挑衅的态度。

13 secluded   

adj.与世隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的v.使隔开，使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• Some people like to strip themselves naked while they have a swim in a secluded place. 一些人当他们在隐蔽的地方游泳时，喜欢把衣服脱光。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This charming cottage dates back to the 15th century and is as pretty as a picture, with its thatched roof and secluded garden. 这所美丽的村舍是15世纪时的建筑，有茅草房顶和宁静的花园，漂亮极了，简直和画上一样。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 vows   

誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿

参考例句：

• Matrimonial vows are to show the faithfulness of the new couple. 婚誓体现了新婚夫妇对婚姻的忠诚。
• The nun took strait vows. 那位修女立下严格的誓愿。

15 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

16 abide   

vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受

参考例句：

• You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
• If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

17 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

18 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。

19 escalate   

v.(使)逐步增长(或发展)，(使)逐步升级

参考例句：

• It would tempt Israel's neighbors to escalate their demands.它将诱使以色列的邻国不断把他们的要求升级。
• Defeat could cause one side or other to escalate the conflict.失败可能会导致其中一方将冲突升级。

20 aisle   

n.（教堂、教室、戏院等里的）过道，通道

参考例句：

• The aisle was crammed with people.过道上挤满了人。
• The girl ushered me along the aisle to my seat.引座小姐带领我沿着通道到我的座位上去。