万物简史 第394期:浩瀚的海洋(13)
He thought underwater exploration a waste of resources and pointed out that the Navy was not a research institute. 他认为水下探索是浪费资源，还指出海军不是个研究机构。 The nation, moreover, was about to become fully preoccup
万物简史 第395期:浩瀚的海洋(14)
As for what else was down there, people really had very little idea. 至于水下还有别的什么东西，人们实际上知道得很少。 Well into the 1950s, the best maps available to oceanographers were overwhelmingly based on a little detail
万物简史 第396期:浩瀚的海洋(15)
There are still no submersibles that can go anywhere near the depth of the Mariana Trench 现在假然没有能下沉到接近马里亚纳海沟深度的探海艇。 and only five, including Alvin, that can reach the depths of the abyssal plainthe de
万物简史 第397期:浩瀚的海洋(16)
It was a world independent of sunlight, oxygen, or anything else normally associated with life. 那个世界独立于阳光、氧气和其他通常与生命有关的任何东西。 This was a living system based not on photosynthesis but on chemosynt
万物简史 第398期:浩瀚的海洋(17)
Millions of gallons of fresh water evaporate from the ocean daily, leaving all their salts behind, 每天有几百万加仑淡水从海洋蒸发，留下了全部盐分， so logically the seas ought to grow more salty with the passing years, but the
万物简史 第399期:浩瀚的海洋(18)
It was all quite extraordinarily sloppy. 这种事于得真是马虎。 Most of the drums were exactly the sort you see rusting behind gas stations or standing outside factories, with no protective linings of any type. 大多数的桶就是我们堆放
万物简史 第400期:浩瀚的海洋(19)
What little we know of them comes almost entirely from eavesdropping on their songs, but even these are a mystery. 我们对它们的一点了解，儿乎完全出自我们偷听到的它们的叫声，而连那个也还是个谜。 Blue whales will
万物简史 第401期:浩瀚的海洋(20)
According to one estimate, there could be as many as thirty million species of animals living in the sea, most still undiscovered. 据一项估计，海洋里可能生活着多达3000万种动物，大多数尚未被发现。 The first hint of how ab
万物简史 第402期:浩瀚的海洋(21)
It is now thought that the larvae of certain organisms may drift through the water until, 现在认为，某些生物的幼体可能在水里漂动， by some unknown chemical means, they detect that they have arrived at a food opportunity and fall o
万物简史 第403期:浩瀚的海洋(22)
In the 1970s, fishermen from Australia and, to a lesser extent, New Zealand 20世纪70年代，澳大利亚渔民，在较小范围内还有新西兰渔民， discovered shoals of a little-known fish living at a depth of about half a mile on their co
万物简史 第404期:浩瀚的海洋(23)
As of 1995, some 37,000 industrial-sized fishing ships, plus about a million smaller boats, 到1995年，世界上大约有37000越工业规模的渔船，加上大约100万条小型渔船。 were between them taking twice as many fish from the sea a
万物简史 第405期:浩瀚的海洋(24)
Nothing, however, compares with the fate of cod. 然而，命运最惨的要算是鳕鱼。 In the late fifteenth century, the explorer John Cabot found cod in incredible numbers on the eastern banks of North America, 15世纪末，探险家约翰卡伯
万物简史 第406期:浩瀚的海洋(25)
Biologists, according to the New York Times, 据《纽约时报》说：生物学家们估计， estimate that 90 percent of lobsters are caught within a year after they reach the legal minimum size at about age six. 大龙虾大约在6岁达到法定的
万物简史 第407期:生命的起源(1)
19 The Rise Of Life 第十九章 生命的起源 In 1953, Stanley Miller, a graduate student at the University of Chicago, took two flasksone containing a little water to represent a primeval ocean, 1953年，芝加哥大学的研究生斯坦利米勒拿
万物简史 第408期:生命的起源(2)
Proteins are what you get when you string amino acids together, and we need a lot of them. 你把氨基酸串在一起，就得到了蛋白质。我们需要大量的蛋白质。 No one really knows, but there may be as many as a million types of pro
