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欧洲难民压力急需缓解

As of November, some 800,000 refugees and migrants from the Middle East and Africa had crossed the Mediterranean¹ to reach a safe haven² in Europe. The European Union estimates as many as three million might arrive by the end of 2016. For the European nations, the migrant crisis is posing an unprecedented³ challenge – from both humanitarian⁴ and security standpoints.

截至11月，大约80万来自中东和非洲的难民越过地中海来到欧洲避难。欧盟估计2016年底前，会有多达300万人抵达欧洲。对欧洲国家来说，难民危机带来了前所未有的挑战，包括人道主义和安全方面两者都有。

The flood of migrants into Europe is making it obvious that dialogue and agreement are necessary, to better protect the EU's external borders and substantially alleviate⁵ the pressure on affected⁶ countries.

如潮水一般涌入欧洲的难民清楚显示，欧盟需要通过对话与协议来更好地保护欧盟外部边境，同时切实缓解受影响国家的压力。

But as Edward Joseph of the Institute for Current World Affairs points out, those are difficult issues to manage, and are also politically sensitive.

不过，当代世界事务研究所的爱德华·约瑟夫（Edward Joseph）指出，那些问题不仅难以管控，它们也有政治上的敏感性。

“We have to have a balanced, wide perspective on this very pressing urgent problem,” he said.

他说：“我们必须从一个平衡与广泛的角度来看这个非常急迫性的问题。”

Luca Dall’Oglio, of the International Organization for Migration⁷, says it is important to help the migrants move on from the gateway⁸ countries of the Balkans to elsewhere in Western Europe.

国际难民组织的卢卡·达尔欧格里欧( Luca Dall’Oglio)说，协助难民从他们进入欧洲的巴尔干半岛国家转移到其他西欧国家非常重要。

“What can be done to help all those refugees that are in the countries of first asylum⁹, where they have no opportunities for education, no opportunities for livelihood¹⁰, and no opportunities for decent living,“ he said.

他说： “如何帮助那些目前停留在第一庇护国的难民呢？他们在那里没有教育机会、没有营生机会、没有像样的生活机会。”

The refugee crisis is stoking tensions among the countries on the migrant corridor. Slovenia has started to build a razor wire fence along its border with Croatia.

难民危机引起被称为“移民走廊”国家之间的紧张。斯洛文尼亚已经开始在和克罗地亚的边境设置有刺铁丝网围墙。

Croatia’s ambassador to Washington says the EU needs to help alleviate those tensions.

克罗地亚驻华盛顿大使约斯普·巴罗（Josip Paro）说，欧盟必须协助缓解那些紧张。

“There is high awareness¹¹ in Brussels and among the European countries of the fragility of the economies of the Western Balkans," he said. "I am absolutely sure that Brussels will not allow the refugee crisis to turn into a serious economic crisis in the Balkans.”

他说： “欧盟总部和欧洲国家对于巴尔干半岛西部国家的经济脆弱程度有高度认识。我非常确定布鲁塞尔不会允许难民危机成为巴尔干半岛的严重经济危机。”

Meanwhile, there is good news from Geneva. Government donors¹² have promised an initial $690 million for UN refugee relief operations in 2016 – the highest amount ever.

与此同时，有好消息从日内瓦传来。捐助国家的政府们已经承诺，为联合国2016年难民计划提供初始的6亿9千万美元捐款，这是有史以来最高的一笔捐款。

But for Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia, managing the massive tide of humanity still presents a major political and security challenge.

不过对希腊、马其顿、塞尔维亚、克罗地亚和斯洛文尼亚来说，处理大规模移民潮问题，仍然是他们主要的政治和安全挑战。