英国卫报：此时蜜糖,彼时砒霜(7)

The more we use these substances, the less dopamine we produce naturally in the brain.

我们越使用这些物质，大脑自然产生的多巴胺就越少。

The result is that we need more of the drug to get the same pleasurable response, while natural pleasures, such as sex and eating, please us less and less.

结果是，我们需要更多的药物来获得同样的愉悦反应，而自然的愉悦，如性和饮食，就会越来越不讨喜。

There is little doubt that sugar can allay¹ the physical craving² for alcohol, the neurologist James Leonard Corning observed over a century ago.

“毫无疑问，糖可以减轻身体对酒精的渴望，”神经学家詹姆斯·伦纳德·康宁在一个多世纪前观察到。

The 12-step bible of Alcoholics³ Anonymous⁴ recommends the consumption of sweets and chocolate in lieu of alcohol when the cravings for drink arise.

匿名戒酒协会的12步圣经建议，想喝酒的时候可以用糖果和巧克力来代替酒精。

Indeed, the per capita consumption of sweets in the US doubled with the beginning of prohibition⁵ in 1919, as Americans apparently⁶ turned en masse from alcohol to sweets.

事实上，美国人的人均糖消费量在1919年禁酒令开始时翻了一番，因为美国人显然都从酒转向了糖。

Sugar and sweets inexorably came to saturate⁷ our diets as the annual global production of sugar increased exponentially.

随着全球糖的年产量呈指数级增长，糖和甜食不可避免地占据了我们的饮食。

By the early 20th century, sugar had assimilated itself into all aspects of our eating experience, and was being consumed during breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks.

到20世纪早期，糖已经融入了我们饮食的方方面面，我们在早餐、午餐、晚餐和零食中都在消耗糖。

Nutritional⁸ authorities were already suggesting what appeared to be obvious:

营养权威们提出了一个似乎显而易见的观点：

that this increased consumption was a product of at least a kind of addiction⁹ – "the development of the sugar appetite, which, like any other appetite – for instance, the liquor appetite – grows by gratification".

对糖的消费的增加至少就是上瘾的一种表现——“对糖的胃口的增加，就像对其他食物的胃口一样——比如对酒的胃口——是由于满足而增长的。”

A century later still, sugar has become an ingredient in prepared and packaged foods so ubiquitous it can only be avoided by concerted and determined¹⁰ effort.

一个世纪后，糖已经成为现成食品和包装食品中的一种食材，它的使用如此普遍，只有齐心协力、坚定努力才能戒掉。

There is sugar not just in the obvious sweet foods – cookies, ice creams, chocolates, fizzy drinks, sodas¹¹, sports and energy drinks, sweetened iced tea, jams, jellies and breakfast cereals – but also in peanut butter,

糖不仅用于很甜的甜食中——饼干、冰淇淋、巧克力、碳酸饮料、苏打水、运动和能量饮料、甜冰茶、果酱、果冻和早餐麦片——还可用于花生酱、

salad dressing¹², ketchup¹³, barbecue sauces, canned soups, processed meats, bacon, hot dogs, crisps, roasted peanuts, pasta sauces, tinned tomatoes and breads.

沙拉酱、番茄酱、烧烤酱、罐头汤、加工肉类、培根、热狗、薯片、烤花生、意大利面酱、罐装番茄和面包。

1 allay   

v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等)

参考例句：

• The police tried to allay her fears but failed.警察力图减轻她的恐惧，但是没有收到什么效果。
• They are trying to allay public fears about the spread of the disease.他们正竭力减轻公众对这种疾病传播的恐惧。

2 craving   

n.渴望,热望

参考例句：

• a craving for chocolate 非常想吃巧克力
• She skipped normal meals to satisfy her craving for chocolate and crisps. 她不吃正餐，以便满足自己吃巧克力和炸薯片的渴望。

3 Alcoholics   

n.嗜酒者，酒鬼( alcoholic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many alcoholics go on drinking sprees that continue for days at a time. 许多酒鬼一次要狂饮好几天。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Do you have a copy of the Alcoholics Anonymous book? 你手上有戒酒匿名会的书吗？ 来自互联网

4 anonymous   

adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的

参考例句：

• Sending anonymous letters is a cowardly act.寄匿名信是懦夫的行为。
• The author wishes to remain anonymous.作者希望姓名不公开。

5 prohibition   

n.禁止；禁令，禁律

参考例句：

• The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
• They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。

6 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

7 saturate   

vt.使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和

参考例句：

• We'll saturate California with the rise in its crime rate.我们将使加利福尼亚州的犯罪案件增长率达到饱和点。
• Saturate the meat in the mixture of oil and herbs.把肉浸泡在油和作料的卤汁里。

8 nutritional   

adj.营养的，滋养的

参考例句：

• A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
• The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。

9 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

10 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

11 sodas   

n.苏打( soda的名词复数 )；碱；苏打水；汽水

参考例句：

• There are plenty of sodas in the refrigerator. 冰箱里有很多碳酸饮料。 来自辞典例句
• Two whisky and sodas, please. 请来两杯威士忌苏打。 来自辞典例句

12 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

13 ketchup   

n.蕃茄酱，蕃茄沙司

参考例句：

• There's a spot of ketchup on the tablecloth.桌布上有一点番茄酱的渍斑。
• Could I have some ketchup and napkins,please?请给我一些番茄酱和纸手巾？