VOA常速英语2015--帕尔玛食品生产商担心受山寨产品影响

Parma Food Producers Worry About Impact of Imitations 帕尔玛食品生产商担心受山寨产品影响

Food producers in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy are worried that cheap imitations of their famous Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese and Prosciutto di Parma ham from other parts of the world could ruin the reputation of their refined products.

The original Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese is made from raw cow's milk according to an 800-year-old tradition. It can take two years for the cheese to age and get ready for consumption. Parmigiano is the Italian adjective derived¹ from Parma, the city, and Reggiano stands for the region of Emilia. The cheese is known internationally as parmesan.

最传统的帕马森干酪奶酪是按照沿用了近800年的悠久的传统用生牛奶制作而成。这种奶酪的制作工序需要历时2年时间之后才能开始使用。Parmigiano是意大利语中城市帕尔马的形容词, 而Reggiano代表伊米莉亚地区。因此它在国际上享有帕尔玛奶酪的美誉。

"Parmigiano-Reggiano comes from here and can only be made in this way and in this region, and the process all starts with milk produced by cows reared on local vegetation," said Igino Morini, spokesman for the Parmigiano-Reggiano Consortium.

“帕尔玛奶酪在这里出生而且只能以这种方式在这一地区制作,所有工序中首当其冲都是从当地饲养奶牛产的奶开始。”

European law classifies the original name, as well as the translation parmesan, as a protected indication of geographic² origin.

欧洲法律将这个传统名字加以分类以及对帕尔玛的翻译都是作为对地理起源的保护。

"The European Court of Justice has declared that the Parmesan appellation³, like all other similar appellations⁴, can only be used for genuine parmesan," Morini said. "And for us it's very important. It represents a historic judicial⁵ decision that says that all false appellations within the EU are forbidden."

“欧洲法院已经宣布帕尔玛这个名称就像其他类似的称谓一样只能用于真正的帕尔玛奶酪。对我们来说这一点至关重要。它代表了历史性的一项司法裁决宣布欧盟范围之内所有虚假的冠名都是禁止的。”

But in many other countries, including the United States, Canada and Brazil, the name parmesan is often used for similar cheeses that are produced in a cheaper and faster way. Since the 2012 earthquake that hit the Emilia region, more of these cheeses have been produced overseas than in Italy, and they have reached Italian markets.

但在包括美国、加拿大、巴西等许多其他国家在内,帕玛森奶酪通常都有很多同名兄弟，而这些产品生产快捷，而且价格更为便宜。自2012年伊米莉亚地区发生地震以来, 这些仿冒奶酪比意大利的原产还要远销海外,而且已经进入意大利市场。

Parma ham producers also complain.  

帕尔玛火腿生产商也因此抱怨连连。

"Our ham is a product that also has some problems related to fakes," said Carlo Leporati, marketing⁶ director for the Parma Ham Consortium. "But the biggest problem, mostly abroad but also in Italy, is the misuse⁷ of the 'Parma ham' appellation. ... The use of these names suggests that the products come from Italy and from the Parma area."  

“我们的火腿产品也面临着一些假货问题。但最严重的,主要是在国外，同样意大利市场也面临着的问题是打着帕尔玛火腿的名号,在国外他们称之为意大利奶酪。但挂这些名号就表明产品是来自意大利和帕尔马地区。”

The European Union is working to widen marketing protection for foods from specific regions, such as Italy's Parma ham, France's Roquefort cheese, Portugal's Madeira wine and many others. The debate on the scope of these geographical⁸ indications has pitted the 28-nation bloc⁹ against the United States, Australia, Argentina and others in global trade talks.

欧盟正为各个区域的特色食品努力扩大市场保护,如意大利的帕尔玛火腿,法国的羊乳干酪奶酪,葡萄牙的马德拉葡萄酒及许多其他产品。这些地理起源的讨论范围已经由28个国家组成的欧盟同美国,澳大利亚、阿根廷和全球其他国家贸易谈判之间的对抗。

The argument that "parmesan" is a common noun, rather than an indication of origin, has been dismissed by the European courts. But for Parma food producers and exporters, this is not enough.

有关“帕尔玛奶酪”是一种常见的名词,而非地区特色的争论已经被欧洲法院驳回。但对帕尔玛食品生产商和出口商而言,这还远远不够。

1 derived   

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

3 appellation   

n.名称，称呼

参考例句：

• The emperor of Russia Peter I was given the appellation " the Great ".俄皇彼得一世被加上了“大帝”的称号。
• Kinsfolk appellation is the kinfolks system reflection in language.亲属称谓是亲属制度在语言中的反应。

4 appellations   

n.名称，称号( appellation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The list of odd appellations goes on, and anything goes-just name it. 像这种奇怪的名字还有许多，但一切还在继续-----学一句流行词，想取就取吧。 来自互联网
• In the present Chinese characters teaching, the radicals' appellations cause much confusion. 目前的识字教学中，部首的名称较混乱。 来自互联网

5 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

6 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

7 misuse   

n.误用，滥用；vt.误用，滥用

参考例句：

• It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
• He was sacked for computer misuse.他因滥用计算机而被解雇了。

8 geographical   

adj.地理的；地区(性)的

参考例句：

• The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
• These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。

9 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。