TED演讲:怎样才能教会电脑理解我们的情感(4)

 　　So, even the more objective parts about being human are hard to describe. Like, conversation. 甚至很多关于人性的客观方面也很难描述。比如，对话。

　　Have you ever really tried to break down the steps? 你曾经尝试过分解谈话的步骤吗？

　　So think about sitting with your friend at a coffee shop and just having small talk. 试着想象一下，你和你的朋友坐在咖啡馆，进行简单的交谈。

　　How do you know when to take a turn? How do you know when to shift topics? 你怎么知道轮到你说话了？你怎么知道什么时候该转换话题？

　　And how do you even know what topics to discuss? 你怎么知道要讨论些什么？

　　See, most of us don't really think about it, because it's almost second nature. 大多数人都不会想这些问题，因为这对我们来说是很自然的。

　　And when we get to know someone, we learn more about what makes them tick, and then we learn what topics we can discuss. 当我们认识一个人的时候，我们会对他们越来越了解，然后我们会知道能聊些什么话题。

　　But when it comes to teaching AI systems how to interact with people, we have to teach them step by step what to do. 但是，当你教人工智能怎样与人类互动时，我们需要一步一步教它们该如何做。

　　And right now, it feels clunky. 而现在，这个过程还感觉很笨拙。

　　If you've ever tried to talk with Alexa, Siri or Google Assistant, you can tell that it or they can still sound cold. 如果你曾尝试和Alexa、Siri或谷歌助手聊天，你可以感觉得到，它们仍听上去冷冰冰的。

　　And have you ever gotten annoyed when they didn't understand what you were saying 你是否曾经因为它们不明白你说什么而变得恼怒，

　　and you had to rephrase what you wanted 20 times just to play a song? 比如为了让它们放一首歌，你得说上20次？

　　Alright, to the credit of the designers, realistic communication is really hard. 不过我们也要理解设计师，毕竟让机器学会真实的沟通是非常难的。

　　And there's a whole branch of sociology, called conversation analysis, 有一个社会学的分支，叫做会话分析，

　　that tries to make blueprints¹ for different types of conversation. 它尝试做不同对话类型的蓝图。

　　Types like customer service or counseling, teaching and others. 例如像客户服务、心理咨询、教授课程等等的会话类型。

　　I've been collaborating² with a conversation analyst³ at the lab to try to help our AI systems hold more human-sounding conversations. 我已经在和会话分析学家在实验室展开合作，尝试帮助我们的人工智能系统进行更多的人性化的对话。

　　This way, when you have an interaction with a chatbot on your phone or a voice-based system in the car, 这样，当你和手机聊天机器人进行互动时，或者和车载语音系统互动时，

　　it sounds a little more human and less cold and disjointed. 这种声音就听上去更人性，不那么冷淡和缺乏逻辑。

　　So I created a piece of art that tries to highlight the robotic, clunky interaction to help us understand, as designers, 我创造的这个艺术品，重点突显了机械化的、笨拙的互动方式，以帮助我们这些设计师明白，

　　why it doesn't sound human yet and, well, what we can do about it. 为什么它听上去不像人类，我们该如何解决这个问题。

　　The piece is called Bot to Bot and it puts one conversational⁴ system against another and then exposes it to the general public. 这个艺术品叫Bot to Bot，它将一个会话系统搭建在另一个会话系统之上，然后展示给公众。

　　And what ends up happening is that you get something that tries to mimic⁵ human conversation, but falls short. 最终会发生的就是，它尝试模仿人类的对话，但是却明显有不足之处。

　　Sometimes it works and sometimes it gets into these, well, loops of misunderstanding. 有的时候它还可以，而有的时候会陷入误解的循环。

　　So even though the machine-to-machine conversation can make sense, grammatically and colloquially⁶, 虽然机器与机器的对话从语法、用意上能让人明白，

　　it can still end up feeling cold and robotic. 但是你还是能感觉到这个对话的冰冷和机械化。

　　And despite checking all the boxes, the dialogue lacks soul and those one-off quirks⁷ that make each of us who we are. 尽管对话的其他要素都具备，但却缺少了灵魂，缺少了那些使我们之所以为人类的特质。

1 blueprints   

n.蓝图，设计图( blueprint的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Have the blueprints been worked out? 蓝图搞好了吗？ 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• BluePrints description of a distributed component of the system design and best practice guidelines. BluePrints描述了一个分布式组件体系的最佳练习和设计指导方针。 来自互联网

2 collaborating   

合作( collaborate的现在分词 )； 勾结叛国

参考例句：

• Joe is collaborating on the work with a friend. 乔正与一位朋友合作做那件工作。
• He was not only learning from but also collaborating with Joseph Thomson. 他不仅是在跟约瑟福？汤姆逊学习，而且也是在和他合作。

3 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

4 conversational   

adj.对话的，会话的

参考例句：

• The article is written in a conversational style.该文是以对话的形式写成的。
• She values herself on her conversational powers.她常夸耀自己的能言善辩。

5 mimic   

v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人

参考例句：

• A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
• He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。

6 colloquially   

adv.用白话，用通俗语

参考例句：

• For some little time the Jurymen hang about the Sol's Ams colloquially. 那些陪审员在太阳徽酒店里呆着，东拉西扯地谈了一会儿。 来自辞典例句
• This building is colloquially referred to as the barn. 这个建筑，用通俗的话来说就是一个谷仓。 来自互联网

7 quirks   

n.奇事，巧合( quirk的名词复数 )；怪癖

参考例句：

• One of his quirks is that he refuses to travel by train. 他的怪癖之一是不愿乘火车旅行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All men have their own quirks and twists. 人人都有他们自己的怪癖和奇想。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》