TED演讲:如何成为生化人并扩展人类潜能(4)

The current amputation¹ paradigm² breaks these dynamic muscle relationships,

目前的截肢范式打破了这些动态肌肉间的关系，

and in so doing eliminates normal proprioceptive sensations.

这样做也消除了正常的本体感知能力。

Consequently, a standard artificial limb cannot feed back information into the nervous system about where the prosthesis is in space.

因此,，一个标准的假肢无法将假肢在空间中的位置信息反馈回神经系统中。

The patient therefore cannot sense and feel the positions and movements of the prosthetic joint³ without seeing it with their eyes.

病人因而也无法感知和感受到假肢连接处的位置和动作，除非自己亲眼看到。

My legs were amputated using this Civil War-era methodology.

我的腿就是用这个内战时期的方法截肢的。

I can feel my feet, I can feel them right now as a phantom⁴ awareness⁵.

我能感觉到我的双脚，现在就能感觉到它们的存在，仅仅作为一种幻影意识。

But when I try to move them, I cannot.

但是，当试图移动它们时，我却做不到。

It feels like they're stuck inside rigid⁶ ski boots.

感觉它们像被卡在坚硬的溜冰鞋里一样。

To solve these problems, at MIT, we invented the agonist-antagonist⁷ myoneural interface⁸, or AMI, for short.

在麻省理工学院，为了解决这些问题，我们发明了主动肌和对抗肌肌神经的接口，缩写为AMI。

The AMI is a method to connect nerves within the residuum to an external, bionic prosthesis.

AMI是一种将残肢中的神经连接到外部仿生假肢的方法。

How is the AMI designed, and how does it work?

AMI是如何设计的，又是如何工作的呢？

The AMI comprises two muscles that are surgically⁹ connected, an agonist linked to an antagonist.

AMI包括两块通过手术连接的肌肉：主动肌和与之连接的对抗肌。

When the agonist contracts upon electrical activation¹⁰, it stretches the antagonist.

当主动肌在电激信号作用下收缩时，它会伸展对抗肌。

This muscle dynamic interaction causes biological sensors¹¹ within the muscle tendon to send information

这种肌肉的动态交互作用，导致肌肉肌腱内的生物传感器，

through the nerve to the central nervous system, relating information on the muscle tendon's length, speed and force.

通过神经向中枢神经系统发送有关肌肉肌腱长度、速度和力量的信息。

This is how muscle tendon proprioception works,

这就是肌肉肌腱本体的工作原理，

and it's the primary way we, as humans, can feel and sense the positions, movements and forces on our limbs.

它也是我们作为人类感觉和感知四肢位置、运动和力量的主要途径。

1 amputation   

n.截肢

参考例句：

• In ancient India,adultery was punished by amputation of the nose.在古代印度，通奸要受到剖鼻的处罚。
• He lived only hours after the amputation.截肢后，他只活了几个小时。

2 paradigm   

n.例子，模范，词形变化表

参考例句：

• He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
• Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外，本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。

3 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

4 phantom   

n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的

参考例句：

• I found myself staring at her as if she were a phantom.我发现自己瞪大眼睛看着她，好像她是一个幽灵。
• He is only a phantom of a king.他只是有名无实的国王。

5 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

6 rigid   

adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的

参考例句：

• She became as rigid as adamant.她变得如顽石般的固执。
• The examination was so rigid that nearly all aspirants were ruled out.考试很严，几乎所有的考生都被淘汰了。

7 antagonist   

n.敌人，对抗者，对手

参考例句：

• His antagonist in the debate was quicker than he.在辩论中他的对手比他反应快。
• The thing is to know the nature of your antagonist.要紧的是要了解你的对手的特性。

8 interface   

n.接合部位，分界面；v.(使)互相联系

参考例句：

• My computer has a network interface,which allows me to get to other computers.我的计算机有网络接口可以与其它计算机连在一起。
• This program has perspicuous interface and extensive application. 该程序界面明了，适用范围广。

9 surgically   

adv. 外科手术上, 外科手术一般地

参考例句：

• Unsightly moles can be removed surgically. 不雅观的痣可以手术去除。
• To bypass this impediment an almost mature egg cell is removed surgically. 为了克服这一障碍，通过手术，取出一个差不多成熟的卵细胞。

10 activation   

n. 激活，催化作用

参考例句：

• A computer controls the activation of an air bag.电脑控制着气囊的启动。

11 sensors   

n.传感器，灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时，有很大变化。 来自辞典例句