历届美国总统介绍(MP3+字幕):第5任总统 詹姆斯门罗

 　　James Monroe was born in Virginia in 1758. He was America's fifth President and the last who was a Founding Father of the U.S.A. He inherited his father's plantation¹ and fortune when he was 16. In 1776 Monroe dropped out of college to join the Army. He returned to academic life from 1780 to 1783 to study law under Thomas Jefferson. He felt a legal career would offer him "the most immediate² rewards".

　　詹姆斯·门罗于1758年出生在弗吉尼亚州。他是美国第五任总统，同时也是美国最后一位开国元勋。他16岁时继承了父亲的农场和财富。1776年，门罗辍学从军。1780年至1783年，他又重返学术生活，在托马斯·杰斐逊的门下学习法律。他认为律师职业能给予他“最直接的回报”。

　　In 1782, Monroe was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served in the Continental³ Congress between 1783 and 1786. As a youthful politician, he joined the anti-Federalists in the Virginia Convention which ratified⁴ the Constitution. In 1790, he was elected as a United States Senator. He served as Minister to France from 1794 to 1796 and helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.

　　1782年，门罗被选为弗吉尼亚州众议院代表，1783年至1786年，他任职于美国大陆会议。在弗吉尼亚州大会上，他加入了反联邦党人一派，当时他还是位年轻的政治家。1790年，他被选为美国参议员。1794年至1796年，他担任驻法公使，并协助谈判路易斯安那购买案。

　　詹姆斯·门罗.jpgHis ambition and energy, together with the backing of President Madison, made him the Republican choice for the Presidency⁵ in 1816 and he was easily elected with little opposition⁶. The Federalist opposition collapsed⁷ in disarray⁸ towards the end of his first term in office and he won re-election unopposed in 1820 for a second term as President.

　　他的野心、精力，以及麦迪逊总统的支持，使他成为了1816年共和党总统的首选。后来，他以绝对优势当选为美国总统。在他的第一个任期即将结束时，联邦反对党陷入了一片混乱。1820年，他又以极大优势获得美国总统的连任。

　　Monroe made strong Cabinet choices, naming a Southerner, John C. Calhoun, as Secretary of War, and a northerner, John Quincy Adams, as Secretary of State. In 1823 Monroe introduced a policy warning against European intervention⁹ in the Americas. Twenty years after he died in 1831, this became known as the Monroe Doctrine¹⁰. It is still used by modern-day presidents.

　　门罗组建了一个强有力的内阁班子，他任命南方人约翰·卡德威尔·卡尔霍恩为美国战争部长，北方人约翰·昆西·亚当斯为美国国务卿。1823年，门罗发出政治警告，反对欧洲干涉美洲事务。门罗去世（1831年）20年后，这个政治警告被称为“门罗主义”。至今，“门罗主义”依然是美国总统的指南。

1 plantation   

n.种植园，大农场

参考例句：

• His father-in-law is a plantation manager.他岳父是个种植园经营者。
• The plantation owner has possessed himself of a vast piece of land.这个种植园主把大片土地占为己有。

2 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

3 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

4 ratified   

v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The treaty was declared invalid because it had not been ratified. 条约没有得到批准，因此被宣布无效。
• The treaty was ratified by all the member states. 这个条约得到了所有成员国的批准。

5 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

6 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

7 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

8 disarray   

n.混乱，紊乱，凌乱

参考例句：

• His personal life fell into disarray when his wife left him.妻子离去后，他的个人生活一片混乱。
• Our plans were thrown into disarray by the rail strike.铁路罢工打乱了我们的计划。

9 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

10 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。