历届美国总统简介：詹姆斯·厄尔·卡特

詹姆斯·厄尔·卡特（James Earl Carter），习称吉米·卡特（Jimmy Carter），1924年10月01日生于佐治亚州普兰斯。曾于1955年至1962年任佐治亚州萨姆特县学校董事会董事长，1962年至1966年任佐治亚州参议员。在此期间还先后担任过平原发展公司、萨姆特县发展公司总经理，佐治亚州中西部计划和发展委员会以及佐治亚州改进作物协会主席等职务。1974年任民主党全国委员会议员竞选委员会主席。1977年任美国第39任总统。1980年争取连任落选。1982年起在亚特兰大的埃默里大学任名誉教授。2002年获诺贝尔和平奖。

James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. was the 39th President of the United States. He served between 1977 and 1981. He was born in 1924, in Plains, Georgia on his father’s peanut farm. At school he was a gifted student and a basketball star. He graduated in 1946 from the U.S. Naval¹ Academy and served for seven years as a naval officer. He turned his family’s peanut farming business into a commercial success.

 

In 1962, he entered state politics, and eight years later was elected Georgia Governor. He quickly attracted a lot of attention by emphasizing ecology, efficiency in government, and the removal of racial barriers in Georgia. Carter also became known for his outspoken² opposition³ to the death penalty. Carter announced his candidacy for President in December 1974, the start of a two-year campaign.

 

Carter beat President Gerald R. Ford⁴ in the 1976 presidential race. As President, he worked hard to combat the continuing economic woes⁵ of inflation and unemployment. He increased jobs by nearly eight million and decreased the budget deficit⁶, measured in percentage of the gross national product. He also dealt with an energy shortage and increased protected national parks by 103 million acres.

 

Carter was busy with his foreign policy. He helped bring peace between Egypt and Israel with the 1978 Camp David agreement, for which he later won the Nobel Prize. He also established full diplomatic relations with China and completed the negotiation⁷ of a nuclear limitation treaty with the Soviet⁸ Union. However, the Iran hostage crisis in 1980 and high inflation meant he lost the 1980 election.

 

1 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

2 outspoken   

adj.直言无讳的，坦率的，坦白无隐的

参考例句：

• He was outspoken in his criticism.他在批评中直言不讳。
• She is an outspoken critic of the school system in this city.她是这座城市里学校制度的坦率的批评者。

3 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

4 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

5 woes   

困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉

参考例句：

• Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇。
• She has cried the blues about its financial woes. 对于经济的困难她叫苦不迭。

6 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

7 negotiation   

n.谈判，协商

参考例句：

• They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判，他们的食糖生意成交了。
• The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。

8 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。