历届美国总统简介：安德鲁·约翰逊

安德鲁·约翰逊(Andrew Johnson)是美国第17任总统。幼时家境贫寒，当过徒工，后来做过裁缝。1857年，他脱离民主党而加入共和党，并当选为国会参议员，是南北战争时期参议院里受到北方欢迎和林肯总统信任的唯一的南方人。 1864年大选时当选为副总统。在亚伯拉罕·林肯遇刺身亡后，继任为美国第17任总统。由于在南方重建上采取妥协立场（他曾两次担任田纳西州州长)，与国会的共和党议员意见不合，使他成为美国历史上首位被提出弹劾议案的总统（1868年）。最终在参议院以一票之微避过罢免的命运。尽管如此，他任期内依然有一定政绩，其中包括《美国宪法》第14条修正案的通过和购买阿拉斯加。

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States. He came to power following the assassination¹ of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1808 and grew up in poverty. He was apprenticed² to a tailor as a boy, but ran away and opened a tailor shop in Tennessee. At the age of 18 he married Eliza McCardle, who taught him how to improve his reading and writing skills.

 

Johnson participated in debates in Tennessee and organized a workers’ party. He was elected mayor in 1833 and sat in the Tennessee House of Representatives two years later. He served five terms before becoming Governor of Tennessee in 1853. Johnson then served in the United States Senate between 1857 and 1862. His political rise was almost complete when he became Vice³ President in 1865.

 

With the Assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, the Presidency⁴ fell upon Johnson. As President, he proceeded to reconstruct the former southern Confederate States. By the time Congress met in December 1865, most southern states were reconstructed and slavery was being abolished. However, "black codes" to control the freed men were beginning to appear, which caused divisions in his party.

 

In March 1867, laws were passed placing restrictions⁵ upon the President. When Johnson allegedly violated one of these, the House tried to impeach⁶ him. He was tried by the Senate in the spring of 1868 and acquitted⁷ by one vote. Johnson purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867. He left office in 1869. In 1875, Tennessee returned Johnson to the Senate and he died months later, aged⁸ 66.

 

1 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

2 apprenticed   

学徒，徒弟( apprentice的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I was apprenticed to a builder when I was fourteen. 14岁时，我拜一个建筑工人为师当学徒。
• Lucius got apprenticed to a stonemason. 卢修斯成了石匠的学徒。

3 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

4 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

5 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

6 impeach   

v.弹劾；检举

参考例句：

• We must impeach the judge for taking bribes.我们一定要检举法官收受贿赂。
• The committee decided to impeach the President.委员会决定弹劾总统。

7 acquitted   

宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（自己）作出某种表现

参考例句：

• The jury acquitted him of murder. 陪审团裁决他谋杀罪不成立。
• Five months ago she was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. 五个月前她被宣判未犯入店行窃罪。

8 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。