历届美国总统简介：切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟

切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟（Chester Alan Arthur，1829年10月5日—1886年11月18日），是美国第21任总统，是威廉·阿瑟和马尔维娜·斯通·阿瑟八个孩子中的第五个且阿瑟与埃伦·刘易斯·赫恩登于1857年结婚，生有二子一女。原为詹姆斯·加菲尔德的副总统。1881年7月2日总统詹姆斯·加菲尔德遇刺，于在9月19日死亡后，随即接任为美国第二十一任总统。任职期间他签署了《排华法案》和《文官改革法》，前者令他饱受争议，后者则令他倍受赞誉。

Chester Alan Arthur was born in Vermont in 1829. He was the 21st President of the United States, becoming President after the assassination¹ of President James A. Garfield. His father was a preacher who had emigrated from Northern Ireland. He graduated from Union College in 1848 and was admitted to the bar. He started practising law in New York City before joining the Army to fight in the Civil War.

 

In 1871, Arthur was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to the politically powerful post of Collector of the Port of New York. He spent the next decade as a pawn² in power struggles between different presidents. He was removed from his post by President Rutherford B. Hayes. In 1880, Arthur was nominated to run for the Vice³ Presidency⁴. He assumed office as Vice President in March 1881.

 

During his brief tenure⁵ as Vice President, Arthur stood firmly beside President Garfield in internal struggles within the Republican Party. But when Arthur succeeded to the Presidency, he was eager to prove himself above his party’s political squabbling. In 1883 he passed an act that protected employees against removal for political reasons, as had happened to him in New York.

 

The Arthur Administration enacted⁶ the first general Federal immigration law. Arthur approved a measure in 1882. Congress suspended Chinese immigration for ten years, later making the restriction⁷ permanent. He had known since a year after he succeeded to the Presidency that he was suffering from a fatal kidney disease. He left office in 1885 and died a year later at the age of 57.

 

 

1 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

2 pawn   

n.典当，抵押，小人物，走卒；v.典当，抵押

参考例句：

• He is contemplating pawning his watch.他正在考虑抵押他的手表。
• It looks as though he is being used as a political pawn by the President.看起来他似乎被总统当作了政治卒子。

3 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

4 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

5 tenure   

n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期

参考例句：

• He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。
• Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。

6 enacted   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
• Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

7 restriction   

n.限制，约束

参考例句：

• The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。
• The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。