历届美国总统简介： 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福

 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（英语：Franklin D.Roosevelt，1882年1月30日－1945年4月12日），史称“小罗斯福”，是美国第32任总统，美国历史上唯一连任超过两届（连任四届，病逝于第四届任期中）的总统，美国迄今为止在任时间最长的总统。罗斯福家族在美国大约有近300年的历史，美国第26任总统西奥多·罗斯福是富兰克林·罗斯福的堂叔。

在1930年代经济大萧条期间，罗斯福[1]  推行新政以提供失业救济与复苏经济，并成立众多机构来改革经济和银行体系，从经济危机的深渊中挽救了美国，他所发起的一些计划仍继续在国家的商贸中扮演重要角色。除此之外，在其任内设立的一些制度仍然保留至今。罗斯福曾促成了政党重组，他与其妻埃莉诺·罗斯福至今仍是美国现代自由主义的典范。

罗斯福是第二次世界大战期间同盟国阵营的重要领导人之一。1941年珍珠港事件发生后，罗斯福力主对日本宣战，并引进了价格管制和配给。罗斯福以租借法案使美国转变为“民主国家的兵工厂”，使美国成为同盟国主要的军火供应商和融资者，也使得美国国内产业大幅扩张，实现充分就业。二战后期同盟国逐渐扭转形势后，罗斯福对塑造战后世界秩序发挥了关键作用，其影响力在雅尔塔会议及联合国的成立中尤其明显。后来，在美国协助下，盟军击败德国、意大利和日本。

罗斯福曾多次被评为美国最佳总统[2]  美国的权威期刊《大西洋月刊》评为影响美国的100位人物第4名。

 

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known by his initials FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States. He was the only president elected to more than two terms, serving from 1933 to 1945. He was born in 1882 into one of the oldest families in New York State. He had a privileged upbringing and attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School. On St. Patrick's Day, 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt.

 

Following the example of his cousin, Roosevelt entered public service through politics. He won election to the New York Senate in 1910. President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he was the Democratic nominee² for Vice¹ President in 1920, at the tender age of 34. The Democrats³ lost the election. In 1921, he was diagnosed as having polio and was paralyzed from the waist down.

 

Roosevelt was elected President in November 1932, to the first of four terms. By March there were 13,000,000 unemployed⁴, and almost every bank was closed. In his first "hundred days," he proposed a sweeping⁵ program called the “New Deal” to bring recovery to business and agriculture, relief to the unemployed and to those in danger of losing farms and homes.

 

By 1935 the nation’s economy was recovering and in 1936 FDR was re-elected by a huge margin⁶. He tried to keep the U.S. out of WWII, but when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, America joined the war. As WWII drew to a close, Roosevelt's health deteriorated⁷, and on April 12, 1945, he died of a cerebral⁸ hemorrhage. He is often ranked as one of the top three U.S. Presidents.

 

 

1 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

2 nominee   

n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者

参考例句：

• His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
• Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。

3 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

5 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

6 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

7 deteriorated   

恶化，变坏( deteriorate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. 她的健康状况急剧恶化，不久便去世了。
• His condition steadily deteriorated. 他的病情恶化，日甚一日。

8 cerebral   

adj.脑的，大脑的；有智力的，理智型的

参考例句：

• Your left cerebral hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.你的左半脑控制身体的右半身。
• He is a precise,methodical,cerebral man who carefully chooses his words.他是一个一丝不苟、有条理和理智的人，措辞谨慎。