历届美国总统简介：德怀特·戴维·艾森豪威尔

德怀特·戴维·艾森豪威尔（Dwight David Eisenhower），美国第34任总统（1953年－1961年在任）。1890年，艾森豪威尔出生于美国德克萨斯州丹尼森的一个已经破产的基督徒家庭，他在艰苦生活中磨砺了意志。1915年毕业于西点军校，毕业时在班上排在第61名，只得到军士长的军衔。后在得克萨斯州圣安东尼第19步兵师服役，少尉军衔。

第二次世界大战期间，他担任盟军在欧洲的最高指挥官，1944年至1945年里负责计划和执行监督进攻维希法国和纳粹德国的行动。1948年2月退役，任哥伦比亚大学校长至1953年（但从1950年起一直缺席而担任北约司令）。[1]  1952年作为共和党总统候选人参加竞选总统获胜，成为美国第34任总统，1956年再次竞选获胜，蝉联总统。1969年3月28日在华盛顿因心脏病逝世[2]  。被美国的权威期刊《大西洋月刊》评为影响美国的100位人物第28名。

 

Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States and the last to be born in the nineteenth century. He was born in Texas in 1890, the third of seven sons. He excelled in sports in high school, and received an appointment to the West Point Military Academy. This prepared him for a distinguished¹ career in the Army. He is often ranked as one of America’s top 10 Presidents.

 

In his early Army career, he excelled in his duties. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, he was called to Washington for a war plans assignment. He commanded the Allied² Forces landing in North Africa. On D-Day, 1944, he led the troops invading France. After the war, he became President of Columbia University. In 1951 he became the first Supreme³ Commander of the newly established NATO forces.

 

Republicans persuaded him to run for President in 1952. "I like Ike" was an irresistible⁴ slogan; he won with a sweeping⁵ victory. During his two terms in office, Eisenhower got a truce⁶ in Korea and worked tirelessly to ease the tensions of the Cold War. This was difficult as both the US and Soviet⁷ Union were stockpiling nuclear bombs. He signed the bill that created NASA to compete with the Russians in the space race.

 

At home, he pursued the moderate policies of "Modern Republicanism." When he left office in 1961, he pointed⁸ out that, "America is today the strongest, most influential⁹, and most productive nation in the world." He also ordered the complete desegregation of the Armed Forces. "There must be no second class citizens in this country," he wrote. He died after a long illness on March 28, 1969.

 

 

1 distinguished   

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

• Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
• A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

2 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

3 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

4 irresistible   

adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的

参考例句：

• The wheel of history rolls forward with an irresistible force.历史车轮滚滚向前，势不可挡。
• She saw an irresistible skirt in the store window.她看见商店的橱窗里有一条叫人着迷的裙子。

5 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

6 truce   

n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束

参考例句：

• The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。
• She had thought of flying out to breathe the fresh air in an interval of truce.她想跑出去呼吸一下休战期间的新鲜空气。

7 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

8 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

9 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。