世界名人简介 第91期:穆克塔达·萨德尔

 Muqtada Al-Sadr is an Iraqi religious and political leader. He is also a militia¹ commander and is head of the Mahdi Army. He is strongly opposed to America’s presence in his country but has stuck to a 2005 truce², which has seen levels of violence decrease. Sadr is currently studying to be an ayatollah and is still very popular with millions of Iraqis.

穆克塔达·萨德尔是伊拉克宗教和政界领袖。他还是“救世主军”领袖。萨德尔强烈反对在伊美军，但恪守2005年停战协定，此举也缓解了暴力冲突。如今，萨德尔正在努力成为一名什叶派阿亚图拉，并受到数百万伊拉克人民的厚爱。

Sadr is the fourth son of the late Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Sadeq Al-Sadr, a famous Shi‘a cleric. As a child, Muqtada attended a religious seminary but did not finish his education. After his father's assassination³, he took over the charity and social work his father had controlled. He immediately became very popular with his Shi’a followers⁴.

萨德尔是大阿亚图拉老萨德尔的第四个儿子，“阿亚图拉”为什叶派牧师。孩童时期，萨德尔进入神学院学习，但未能完成学业。父亲遇刺后，小萨德尔接替父亲的慈善和社会工作。随即获得什叶派上下的拥戴。

In 2003, the US-led coalition⁵ set up the Coalition Provisional Authority and Iraqi Governing Council (IGC). Sadr decided⁶ to enter the political stage. He stated that he had more right to govern Iraq than the IGC. He formed his own shadow government. Since 2003, his Mahdi army has provided many important social services to the people of Sadr City in Baghdad.

2003年，美国主导联军设立美英临时管委会和伊拉克管理委员会。小萨德尔决定走入政坛。据他所说，比起伊拉克管理委员会，他对管理伊拉克拥有更多权力。并随即建立影子政府。自2003年起，他的“救世主军”向巴格达的萨德城居民提供了大量援助。

In 2004, Sadr's Mahdi Army demonstrated against the closure of Sadr’s newspaper and took over several key positions in Baghdad. After calling a truce, he told his soldiers to "do their duty" and go home. He boycotted⁷ the 2005 Iraqi election, saying it was a fraud. In 2007, Sadr went into exile in Iran. He continues to tell Iraqi soldiers and police not to work with American forces.

2004年，“救世主军”就关闭萨德城新闻社举行游行示威活动，并占领巴格达多处主要阵地。停火签订后，他要求士兵解甲归田。萨德尔抵制2005年伊拉克大选，并称之为骗局。2007年，萨德尔流亡伊朗。对于伊拉克士兵和警察武装，他仍告诫他们不要与美军合作。

1.continue to 继续

例句：At the moment, we continue to do what we do. 

目前我们会继续做我们应该做的。

2.oppose to 反对

例句：But if he wants to be a singer or actor or something like that, I would oppose to the job desperately⁸.

但如果他想成为一名歌手或者演员什么的，我会反对。

3.political stage 政治舞台

例句：In this sport the Chinese proletariat began on the political stage. 

在这个运动中，中国无产阶级开始登上政治舞台。

4.social service 社会公益服务

例句：Either traditional apartment management mode, or social service mode, there are both advantages and disadvantages for them.

无论是传统的公寓管理模式还是社会服务模式都有利弊。

1 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

2 truce   

n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束

参考例句：

• The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。
• She had thought of flying out to breathe the fresh air in an interval of truce.她想跑出去呼吸一下休战期间的新鲜空气。

3 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

4 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

5 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

7 boycotted   

抵制，拒绝参加( boycott的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games. 有好几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会。
• The opposition party earlier boycotted the Diet agenda, demanding Miyaji's resignation. 反对党曾杯葛国会议程，要宫路下台。

8 desperately   

adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地

参考例句：

• He was desperately seeking a way to see her again.他正拼命想办法再见她一面。
• He longed desperately to be back at home.他非常渴望回家。