英语成语惯用语的不合习惯用法

 　　英語成語、短語、慣用語很多。有時，它們的構造看起來不合邏輯，甚至不合常理，但又不能隨意更改。例如，我們用雙腳步行，應該是“on feet”，但偏偏是“on foot”才對。一般上說，成語、短語或慣用語中的字眼不可用別的字取代，詞序也不可調換，因為一字之差，詞序一換，原意可能走樣，甚至毫無意思。

　　在下列各組句子中，(a)錯、(b)對：

　　1a. What is the reason of all this shunning¹ away from blue-collar work?

　　b. What is the reason of all this shying away from blue-collar work?

　　2a. I am working on the behalf² of my company.

　　b. I am working on behalf of my company.

　　3a. We need a capable³ person to help us in time of difficulties.

　　b. We need a capable person to help us in times of difficultes.

　　4a. In term of economic development, our country has done a good job.

　　b. In terms of economic development, our country has done a good job.

　　5a. Few would like to make friend with hypocrites.

　　b. Few would like to make friends with hypocrites.

　　6a. Let‘s discuss this matter in details.

　　b. Let‘s discuss this matter in detail.

　　7a. That rich woman is covered with jewellery from top to toes.

　　b. That rich woman is covered with jewellery from top to toe.

　　8a. For the better or worse, we must try to get along with our colleagues.

　　b. For better or worse, we must try to get along with our colleagues.

　　9a. The Public Relations Officer did not speak much. What is worst, she hated to mingle⁴ with people.

　　b. The Public Relations Officer did not speak much. What is worse, she hated to mingle with people.

　　10a. All must come to the meeting without failure.

　　b. All must come to the meeting without fail.

　　11a. Most of the students learn historical facts by hard.

　　b. Most of the students learn historical facts by heart.

　　12a. A holiday abroad will take your mind of the work tension⁵ for a while.

　　b. A holiday abroad will take your mind off the work tension for a while.

　　13a. It is out of question for you to go tonight; you haven‘t finished your assignment yet.

　　b. It is out of the question for you to go tonight; you haven‘t finished your assignment yet.

　　14a. Students should spend their time studying instead of involving in destructive⁶ activities.

　　b. Students should spend their time studying instead of involving themselves in/ getting involved in destructive activities.

1 shunning   

v.避开，回避，避免( shun的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• My flight was more a shunning of external and internal dangers. 我的出走是要避开各种外在的和内在的威胁。 来自辞典例句
• That book Yeh-yeh gave me-"On Filial Piety and the Shunning of Lewdness"-was still on the table. 我坐下来，祖父给我的那本《刘芷唐先生教孝戒淫浅训》还在桌子上。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）

2 behalf   

n.利益，方面；支持，赞成

参考例句：

• Ken is not present,so I shall accept the prize on his behalf.肯没有出席，所以我将代表他领奖。
• They fixed on him to speak on their behalf.他们已经确定他作为代表发言。

3 capable   

adj.有能力的，有才能的

参考例句：

• The new woman secretary was extremely clever and capable.这位新来的女秘书很是精明强干。
• Jim is capable at sports.吉姆擅长运动。

4 mingle   

vt.使混合，使相混；vi.混合起来；相交往

参考例句：

• If we mingle with the crowd,we should not be noticed.如果我们混在人群中，就不会被注意到。
• Oil will not mingle with water.油和水不相融。

5 tension   

n.(紧张)状态；拉(绷)紧；张力，拉力

参考例句：

• I could feel the tension in the room. 我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛。
• Relaxaion is better than tension. 缓和比紧张好。

6 destructive   

adj.破坏（性）的，毁灭（性）的

参考例句：

• In the end,it will be destructive of our whole society.它最终会毁灭我们整个社会。
• It is the most destructive storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的一次风暴。