女人选男友的最新“标准”

 女人选男友的最新“标准” Women may be better at sniffing² out biologically relevant information from underarm sweat, a US study suggests。

　　美国一项研究显示，女性通过腋下气味识别生物性相关信息的能力很可能更强。

　　Researchers found it was difficult to mask underarm odour when a woman was doing the　smelling, but quite easy to do so when it was a man。

　　研究人员发现，用其它气味来蒙蔽女性对腋下气味的识别是比较困难的。相比之下，男性则更好蒙骗。

　　They speculate that a woman’s highly attuned³ smell radar⁴ might help her select a mate。

　　研究人员由此猜测，女性敏锐的嗅觉可能有助于她们选择适合自己的伴侣。

　　The study, by Philadelphia’s Monell Center, appears in Flavour and Fragrance⁵ Journal。

　　由费城蒙尼奥研究中心组织的这项研究成果已经在《香料与香味杂志》上发表。

　　In the study, women and men rated the strength of underarm odours, both alone and in　conjunction with various fragrances⁶。

　　参与试验的女性和男性分别用鼻子去闻两组腋下气味，一组是独立的腋下气味，另一组是腋下气味与其它多种香味混合而成的气味。

　　The fragrances were selected to test their ability to block underarm odour through a method known as olfactory⁷ cross-adaptation。

　　研究人员利用嗅觉交叉适应的方法来测试他们辨别腋下气味的能力。

　　This occurs when the nose adapts to one odour, and then also becomes less sensitive to a second odour。

　　采用这种测试方法是因为一旦鼻子对第一种气味适应之后，它对第二种气味的判断灵敏度就减弱了。

　　Sniffed⁸ alone, the underarm odours smelled equally strong to men and women。

　　当男女在闻独立腋下气味的时候，男女的辨别能力旗鼓相当。

　　But when fragrance was introduced, only two of 32 scents⁹ successfully blocked underarm odour when women were doing the smelling。

　　但是当腋下气味中混合了其它香味的时候，32种气味中只有两种腋下混合气味让女性无法成功识别。

　　In contrast, 19 fragrances significantly reduced the strength of underarm odour for men。

　　与之相比，19种腋下混合气味成功蒙骗了男性的鼻子。

　　Lead researcher Dr Charles Wysocki, a behavioural neuroscientist, said: "Taken together, our studies indicate that human sweat conveys information that is of particular importance to females。

　　研究小组的首席研究员、行为神经科学家查尔斯·维索斯基博士表示，综合实验结果，人类汗腺分泌的气味所传达的信息对于女性尤为重要。

　　Not only were women better smellers than men, but male odours were harder to block than female odours。

　　不仅女性的嗅觉比男性敏锐，而且男性的体味比女性的更难隔离。

　　Underarm odours from the two sexes did not differ in how strong they smelled. However 19% of the fragrances successfully reduced the strength of male underarm odour, compared to over 50% for the female equivalent。

　　男女腋下体味的强度其实并无差异。但是，男性香水能有效地减弱男性腋下19%的气味，而女性香水则能掩盖超过50%的体味。

　　Dr Leslie Knapp, an expert in biological anthropology¹⁰ at the University of Cambridge, said there were good evolutionary¹¹ reasons why a woman’s ability to detect body odours should be more acute, as it could literally¹² be an effective way to sniff¹ out a suitable mate。

　　剑桥大学生物人类学专家莱斯利·纳普博士表示，女性辨别体味的能力之所以更强是因为进化的原因，因为这样女性就可以更有效地闻出适合自己的伴侣。

　　She said: "Women perhaps need to be more discriminating¹³ when they choose who to mate with to produce offspring, as they invest more than males in the reproductive process。

　　她说：“女性可能在选择与之生育后代的伴侣时需要更有效地识别能力，所以她们在繁衍过程中具备了优于男性的某种能力。”

　　"Men don’t need to be so choosy, they have lots of sperm¹⁴, and can reproduce with lots of females, but once a woman reproduces with a partner she is tied up for nine months."

　　“男性不需要如此得谨慎，他们有许许多多的精子，他们可以和许多女性生育后代。而一旦女性怀孕，她们需要经历9个月的忍耐。”

　　Dr Knapp said there was evidence that odour gave a hint about genetic¹⁵ make-up. She highlighted HLA genes¹⁶ involved in the immune response。

　　纳普博士说，有证据表明，体味同时也会发出一个人基因组成的信号。她强调，人类白细胞抗原基因就与免疫功能相关。

　　She said in evolutionary terms it was desirable for a women to mate with a man whose　genes were different from hers, as this was likely to produce more robust¹⁷ offspring。

1 sniff   

vi.嗅…味道；抽鼻涕；对嗤之以鼻，蔑视

参考例句：

• The police used dogs to sniff out the criminals in their hiding - place.警察使用警犬查出了罪犯的藏身地点。
• When Munchie meets a dog on the beach, they sniff each other for a while.当麦奇在海滩上碰到另一条狗的时候，他们会彼此嗅一会儿。

2 sniffing   

n.探查法v.以鼻吸气，嗅，闻( sniff的现在分词 )；抽鼻子（尤指哭泣、患感冒等时出声地用鼻子吸气）；抱怨，不以为然地说

参考例句：

• We all had colds and couldn't stop sniffing and sneezing. 我们都感冒了，一个劲地抽鼻子，打喷嚏。
• They all had colds and were sniffing and sneezing. 他们都伤风了，呼呼喘气而且打喷嚏。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

3 attuned   

v.使协调( attune的过去式和过去分词 )；调音

参考例句：

• She wasn't yet attuned to her baby's needs. 她还没有熟悉她宝宝的需要。
• Women attuned to sensitive men found Vincent Lord attractive. 偏爱敏感男子的女人，觉得文森特·洛德具有魅力。 来自辞典例句

4 radar   

n.雷达，无线电探测器

参考例句：

• They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
• Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。

5 fragrance   

n.芬芳，香味，香气

参考例句：

• The apple blossoms filled the air with their fragrance.苹果花使空气充满香味。
• The fragrance of lavender filled the room.房间里充满了薰衣草的香味。

6 fragrances   

n.芳香，香味( fragrance的名词复数 )；香水

参考例句：

• The bath oil comes in various fragrances. 这种沐浴油有不同的香味。
• This toilet soap lathers so nicely and has several fragrances. 这种香皂起泡很多，并且有好几种香味。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 olfactory   

adj.嗅觉的

参考例句：

• He is to develop a sensor to substitute for the olfactory abilities of dogs.克罗克将研制一种传感器用以代替狗的嗅觉功能。
• Based on these findings, Keller suspects that each person has an olfactory blind spot.根据这些发现，凯勒推断，每个人都有一个嗅觉盲区。

8 sniffed   

v.以鼻吸气，嗅，闻( sniff的过去式和过去分词 )；抽鼻子（尤指哭泣、患感冒等时出声地用鼻子吸气）；抱怨，不以为然地说

参考例句：

• When Jenney had stopped crying she sniffed and dried her eyes. 珍妮停止了哭泣，吸了吸鼻子，擦干了眼泪。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The dog sniffed suspiciously at the stranger. 狗疑惑地嗅着那个陌生人。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 scents   

n.香水( scent的名词复数 )；气味；（动物的）臭迹；（尤指狗的）嗅觉

参考例句：

• The air was fragrant with scents from the sea and the hills. 空气中荡漾着山和海的芬芳气息。
• The winds came down with scents of the grass and wild flowers. 微风送来阵阵青草和野花的香气。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 anthropology   

n.人类学

参考例句：

• I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
• Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。

11 evolutionary   

adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的

参考例句：

• Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
• These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。

12 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

13 discriminating   

a.有辨别能力的

参考例句：

• Due caution should be exercised in discriminating between the two. 在区别这两者时应该相当谨慎。
• Many businesses are accused of discriminating against women. 许多企业被控有歧视妇女的做法。

14 sperm   

n.精子，精液

参考例句：

• Only one sperm fertilises an egg.只有一个精子使卵子受精。
• In human reproduction,one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm.在人体生殖过程中，一个精子使一个卵子受精。

15 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

16 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

17 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。