危险的饮食上瘾

 　　More unusual addictions²

　　更多不常见的上瘾

　　Addictions are persistent³, obsessive⁴ behaviors and sufferers will feel anxious if they can’t do them, regardless of any negative consequences. But while most people imagine addictions to be related to drugs or alcohol did you know there are other more unusual ones involving food and drink that can be equally as damaging?

　　上瘾是持续的着迷行为，不管会带来多少负面影响，如果上瘾者不做则会感到焦虑。然而尽管大多数人认为上瘾是与药物或酒精相关，但你知道吗，还有更多涉及饮食的不常见上瘾也会带来同样的危害。

　　French fries

　　炸薯条

　　Thirty-something American woman Amber⁵ Scott has only eaten French fries since she was a child. She suffers from Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake⁶ Disorder⁷ (ARFID) that affects her ability to eat a balanced diet.

　　30多岁的美国女性安贝?斯科特打小时候起就开始吃炸薯条了。现在她患有抗激限制性食物摄入紊乱（ARFID），这一疾病影响了她饮食平衡的能力。

　　Harm rating: This mental illness can lead to serious nutritional⁸ deficiencies.

　　危害评级：这一精神疾病会导致严重的营养失调。

　　Bananas

　　香蕉

　　Diet guru Freelee the Banana Girl eats a largely raw diet that’s fruit and veg based; it’s not unusual for the Australian to eat between 30-50 bananas a day.

　　饮食专家“香蕉姑娘Freelee”会吃大量的果蔬天然食物；对这位澳大利亚姑娘来说每天吃30-50个香蕉都不是事儿。

　　Harm rating: Bananas are rich in potassium, which is essential to health but too much can put a strain on the kidneys.

　　危害评级：香蕉富含钾元素，这对身体健康至关重要，但钾元素过多则会导致肾脏压力过大。

　　Milk

　　牛奶

　　A woman called Sandra, from Stockport in the UK, is addicted⁹ to milk. She’s drunk about 10 pints¹⁰ (nearly 6 liters) a day for decades and will do a midnight shop if she’s running low.

　　来自英国斯托克波特的女子桑德拉有牛奶上瘾癖。数十年来，她每天喝10品脱左右（近6升）的牛奶，如果午夜时分发现家里牛奶不够了，她甚至会出去购买。

　　Harm rating: Too much of any one food can lead to a nutritional deficiency.

　　危害评级：任何食物食用过多都会造成营养失调。

　　Carrots

　　胡萝卜

　　It’s possible to develop a craving¹¹ for carrots and numerous examples have been reported. Beta-carotene – an antioxidant that is converted in the body into vitamin A – is probably what people are drawn¹² to.

　　热爱胡萝卜是可能的，已报道过很多例子。β胡萝卜素是一种抗氧化剂，在人体内会转化为维他命A，可能这就是人们对胡萝卜上瘾的原因吧。

　　Harm rating: Eating more than two pounds of carrots a day can turn the skin, nails and organs yellow, though this is reversible.

　　危害评级：每天吃两磅以上的胡萝卜会使得皮肤、指甲和器官变成黄色，尽管这是可逆的。

　　危险的饮食上瘾.jpg

　　Cheese

　　奶酪

　　Countless¹³ people claim cheese is their weakness and there is some truth in its habit-forming quality. Cheese contains casein, which releases casomorphins into the body – peptides that trigger the brain’s opioid receptors, which are responsible for addiction¹.

　　无以计数的人都宣称奶酪是他们的致命点，这一习惯形成品质是有一定道理的。奶酪含有酪蛋白，会在人体内释放酪啡肽，这种肽类会触发大脑中负责成瘾的阿片受体。

　　Harm rating: Cheese is high in saturated¹⁴ fat, which can raise cholesterol¹⁵ and contribute towards obesity¹⁶.

　　危害评级：奶酪富含饱和脂肪，会提高胆固醇含量，导致肥胖。

　　Tofu

　　豆腐

　　A Chinese man called He Dong had more than 400 kidney stones removed as a result of consuming large amounts of tofu.

　　一位叫做何东的中国男性由于摄入了大量豆腐，体内移出的肾结石达400多个。

　　Harm rating: Tofu, especially gypsum tofu, is a soy product high in calcium¹⁷, too much of which can cause kidney stones.

　　危害评级：豆腐，尤其是石膏豆腐，是一种豆制品，富含钙元素，摄入过多会造成肾结石。

1 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

2 addictions   

瘾( addiction的名词复数 )； 吸毒成瘾； 沉溺； 癖好

参考例句：

• He has removed the stigma of drug addictions. 他已经洗去吸毒的污点了。
• Intelligent people are good at using reason to control excessive addictions. 智慧的人善于用理性来控制过度的嗜欲。

3 persistent   

adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的

参考例句：

• Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
• She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤，使她很难为情。

4 obsessive   

adj. 着迷的, 强迫性的, 分神的

参考例句：

• Some people are obsessive about cleanliness.有些人有洁癖。
• He's becoming more and more obsessive about punctuality.他对守时要求越来越过分了。

5 amber   

n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的

参考例句：

• Would you like an amber necklace for your birthday?你过生日想要一条琥珀项链吗？
• This is a piece of little amber stones.这是一块小小的琥珀化石。

6 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

7 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

8 nutritional   

adj.营养的，滋养的

参考例句：

• A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
• The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。

9 addicted   

adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的

参考例句：

• He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
• She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。

10 pints   

n.品脱( pint的名词复数 )；一品脱啤酒

参考例句：

• I drew off three pints of beer from the barrel. 我从酒桶里抽出三品脱啤酒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Two pints today, please. 今天请来两品脱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 craving   

n.渴望,热望

参考例句：

• a craving for chocolate 非常想吃巧克力
• She skipped normal meals to satisfy her craving for chocolate and crisps. 她不吃正餐，以便满足自己吃巧克力和炸薯片的渴望。

12 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

13 countless   

adj.无数的，多得不计其数的

参考例句：

• In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
• I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。

14 saturated   

a.饱和的，充满的

参考例句：

• The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
• a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

15 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

16 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

17 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。