美国国家公共电台 NPR 贪污案定罪被推翻 巴西前总统卢拉重获竞选资格

Brazil's far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, is under growing pressure over his response to the pandemic. Now he's facing trouble of a different kind. A Supreme¹ Court judge has ruled Bolsonaro's political nemesis² can run against him in next year's election. Former leftist president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was banned from running in 2018 because he was convicted of corruption³. But this new ruling means da Silva, widely known as Lula, could have a shot at getting his old job back.

巴西极右翼总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗因其应对新冠疫情的方式面临日益增加的压力。现在他还面临着另一种麻烦。一名最高法院法官裁定，博尔索纳罗的政治对手可以在明年的选举中与他竞争。前左派总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦在2018年因贪污罪名成立而被禁止参选。但这项新裁决意味着达席尔瓦——人们普遍称其为卢拉——可能有机会重返总统之位。

We're joined now by NPR's South America correspondent Philip Reeves. Phil, what exactly did the judge rule?

NPR新闻驻南美记者菲利普·里夫斯将和我们连线。菲尔，法官具体的裁决是什么？

PHILIP REEVES, BYLINE⁴: Well, I don't know whether you remember this. A couple of years ago, long after leaving office, Lula was convicted of corruption charges. He wound up serving 18 months in jail. He and his supporters have always said these charges were politically motivated to stop him running in the last election in 2018, which they did, thus allowing Bolsonaro to win. Yesterday, a Supreme Court judge annulled⁵ those convictions. He decided⁶ the court in southern Brazil that tried Lula had no jurisdiction⁷ to do so. He ruled the cases should be tried all over again by a federal court in the capital, Brasilia. And that means that Lula gets his political rights back, at least for now. And therefore, pretty much to everyone's surprise, he qualifies to be a candidate in next year's presidential elections and can challenge Bolsonaro.

菲利普·里夫斯连线：我不知道你是否还记得这件事。几年前，在卢拉卸任总统很久之后，他被判贪污罪名成立。他最终在监狱里服刑了18个月。他及其支持者一直表示，这些指控出于政治动机，目的是为了阻止他参加在2018年举行的上一次大选，他们确实这样做了，以此让博尔索纳罗获胜。昨天，一名最高法院法官宣布这些判决无效。他裁定巴西南部审判卢拉的法院没有这样做的管辖权。他裁定这些案件应由首都巴西利亚的联邦法院重新审理。这意味着，至少目前来说，卢拉重新获得了其政治权利。因此，几乎令所有人惊讶的是，他有资格成为明年总统选举的候选人，可以挑战博尔索纳罗。

DETROW: I remember talking to you as that first ruling came in and there were huge crowds showing support for Lula. You know, how does this affect the political landscape in Brazil going forward?

德特罗：我记得在第一次裁决公布时我们有连线过，当时有很多人支持卢拉。这对巴西未来的政治格局有何影响？

REEVES: Well, it's potentially a very big deal. Lula's a huge figure on the Latin American political scene. When he left power 10 years ago, his popularity ratings were over 80%. It's important to point out, though, that this ruling may be overturned. It's going to be reviewed by the entire Supreme Court. And he also faces other corruption charges that are in the pipeline⁸, and they could be an impediment. Yet, according to political analysts¹⁰ in Brazil, Lula might just win through on this. He could take the stage for a contest between him, you know, this highly charismatic former two-term presidential president and the far-right populist Bolsonaro, who's a big fan and ideological¹¹ soulmate of Donald Trump¹². And so if you think Brazilian politics were already heavily polarized, you'd be right. But if we have a Lula-Bolsonaro contest, as one analyst⁹ put it, buckle¹³ up. The show is only just beginning.

里夫斯：这可能产生非常大的影响。卢拉是拉美政治舞台上的重要人物。10年前卸任时，他的支持率超过80%。不过，必须指出的是，这一裁决可能会被推翻。案件将交由最高法院审理。他还面临其他正在酝酿中的腐败指控，这些指控可能成为障碍。然而，据巴西政治分析人士，卢拉可能会胜诉。他可能会上台参加选举，届时将是极具个人魅力的两届前总统和极右翼民粹主义者博尔索纳罗之间的竞争，后者是唐纳德·特朗普的忠实粉丝和意识形态上的灵魂伴侣。因此，如果你认为巴西政治已经严重两极分化，你的看法是对的。但正如一位分析人士所说，如果卢拉真的和博尔索纳罗竞争，那我们要做好准备。演出才刚刚开始。

DETROW: I mean, we've spent a lot of time reporting on Bolsonaro's challenges, especially navigating¹⁴ the pandemic. How likely is it that Lula could put the political coalition¹⁵ together to return to office?

德特罗：我们花了很多时间报道博尔索纳罗面临的挑战，尤其是应对疫情方面的挑战。卢拉组建政治联盟重新执政的可能性有多大？

REEVES: Well, you know, he's 75 years old. And he's certainly not as popular now as he was back when he was in office when President Barack Obama called him the world's most popular president. A lot of Brazilians became very embittered¹⁶ by the widespread corruption during the decade of leftist government and also by the severe recession in the middle of the last decade. A poll came out last week in which 50% said they would either certainly vote for Lula or might vote for him, compared with 38 for Bolsonaro. And, you know, this is at a time when Bolsonaro's being pummeled over his handling of the pandemic. Many Brazilians are very angry about the vaccination¹⁷ program, which is in its very early stages, and the death toll¹⁸, which is the second-highest in the world, and people dying in larger numbers now than ever.

里夫斯：卢拉已经75岁。而他现在肯定没有当年执政时那样受欢迎，当时巴拉克·奥巴马称他为世界上最受欢迎的总统。许多巴西人对左派政府执政十年期间普遍存在的腐败以及2015年的严重衰退感到极为愤怒。上周公布的一项民意调查显示，50%的受访者表示，他们肯定会投卢拉一票，或者可能会投卢拉一票，而博尔索纳罗的支持率为38%。而且，现在博尔索纳罗因其应对疫情的方式受到了抨击。许多巴西人对处于早期阶段的疫苗接种计划、世界第二高的死亡人数以及比以往任何时候都更多的死亡人数感到非常愤怒。

DETROW: That's NPR's Philip Reeves. Thanks so much.

德特罗：以上是NPR新闻的菲利普·里弗斯带来的报道。非常谢谢你。

REEVES: You're welcome.

里弗斯：不客气。

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 nemesis   

n.给以报应者，复仇者，难以对付的敌手

参考例句：

• Uncritical trust is my nemesis.盲目的相信一切害了我自己。
• Inward suffering is the worst of Nemesis.内心的痛苦是最厉害的惩罚。

3 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 annulled   

v.宣告无效( annul的过去式和过去分词 )；取消；使消失；抹去

参考例句：

• Their marriage was annulled after just six months. 他们的婚姻仅过半年就宣告取消。
• Many laws made by the former regime have been annulled. 前政权制定的许多法律被宣布无效。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

7 jurisdiction   

n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权

参考例句：

• It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
• Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。

8 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

9 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

10 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

11 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

12 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

13 buckle   

n.扣子，带扣；v.把...扣住，由于压力而弯曲

参考例句：

• The two ends buckle at the back.带子两端在背后扣起来。
• She found it hard to buckle down.她很难专心做一件事情。

14 navigating   

v.给（船舶、飞机等）引航，导航( navigate的现在分词 )；（从海上、空中等）横越；横渡；飞跃

参考例句：

• These can also be very useful when navigating time-based documents, such as video and audio. 它对于和时间有关的文档非常有用，比如视频和音频文档。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Vehicles slowed to a crawl on city roads, navigating slushy snow. 汽车在市区路上行驶缓慢，穿越泥泞的雪地。 来自互联网

15 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

16 embittered   

v.使怨恨，激怒( embitter的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• These injustices embittered her even more. 不公平使她更加受苦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The artist was embittered by public neglect. 大众的忽视于那位艺术家更加难受。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

18 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。