美国国家公共电台 NPR 气候谈判艰难落幕 资金问题仍是痛点

Climate negotiations¹ in Glasgow, Scotland, are down to the wire.

在苏格兰格拉斯哥举行的气候谈判已经接近尾声。

And what diplomats² from more than 100 countries decide could lay a path for international climate action for decades to come.

来自100多个国家的外交官的决定可能会为未来几十年的国际气候行动铺平道路。

The conference president released a new draft of an agreement overnight, but bitter differences remain on key points.

会议主席连夜公布了新的协议草案，但在关键问题上仍存在激烈分歧。

Former Secretary of State John Kerry is the U.S. climate envoy³, and he spoke⁴ with NPR on the summit sidelines.

前国务卿约翰·克里是美国气候特使，他在峰会间隙接受了NPR的采访。

We need to land on reasonable cooperation and consensus⁵ on the key sectors⁶ that we're working on here.

我们需要在我们正在致力于的关键领域达成合理的合作和共识。

We need to help countries adapt.

我们需要帮助各国适应。

There needs to be greater focus on adaptation.

需要更多地关注适应问题。

First off, what do we know about what is in the draft agreement?

首先，我们对协议草案中的内容了解多少？

A couple of key things.

有几件关键的事情。

The first thing is it recognizes that countries are not coming up with plans that would do enough to limit the warming of the planet as they agreed to in the Paris Agreement six years ago.

首先，认识到各国没有拿出足够的计划来限制全球变暖，就像六年前在巴黎协议中达成的那样。

You may remember the U.S. signed onto that deal; the Trump⁷ administration rejected it; now the U.S. is embracing it again.

你可能还记得美国签署了这项协议；特朗普政府拒绝了它；现在美国再次接受它。

Right.

是的。

This draft asks country to come back a year from now with better targets for the next decade that would get them on track to meeting that Paris goal.

这份草案要求各国在一年后回来，为未来十年制定更好的目标，使他们走上实现巴黎协定目标的轨道。

There's also a section about money, basically global burden-sharing,

还有一个关于资金的部分，基本上是全球分担责任的部分，

calling on richer countries to deliver on promises they haven't made - that they haven't kept so far to help poorer countries deal with climate change,

呼吁富裕国家兑现他们迄今没有兑现的承诺，帮助较贫穷国家应对气候变化，

build clean energy systems, also pay for the damage caused by the changing climate.

建设清洁能源系统，并支付气候变化造成的损害。

And how close are all the representatives to being in agreement about this deal?

所有代表离达成这项交易还有多远？

This is just a draft.

这只是一份草稿。

It's a proposal.

这是个提议。

I haven't heard too much reaction yet, but based on debates over a similar previous draft, probably not.

我还没有听到太多的回应，但基于对之前类似草案的辩论，可能不会有。

And under the rules of this conference, they have to adopt this by consensus, you know, no voting.

根据这次会议的规定，他们必须协商一致才能通过这项决议，你知道，没有投票。

OK, so why? Where are the disagreements here?

好吧，那为什么呢？这里的分歧在哪里？

So some countries, including Russia, Saudi Arabia, also some developing countries, do not like this specific demand to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius⁸.

一些国家，包括俄罗斯，沙特阿拉伯，还有一些发展中国家，都不愿意实施把气温升幅控制在1.5摄氏度以内的具体要求。

In practice, that means a quick phase out of burning fossil fuels.

实际上，这意味着快速停止燃烧化石燃料。

Another big sticking point is finance.

另一个重大症结是资金。

Poorer countries want this money to help them deal with climate change.

较贫穷的国家想要这笔钱来帮助他们应对气候变化。

They point out that richer countries caused the problem.

他们指出，较富裕的国家导致了这个问题。

There have been broken promises on this in the past - rich countries promised $100 billion a year, never delivered that much.

在这一点上，过去有过违背承诺的情况-富裕国家承诺每年1000亿美元，但从未兑现那么多。

Developing countries are looking for more specific amounts and timelines.

发展中国家正在寻求更具体的金额和时间表。

Are they going to get those?

他们会拿到那些吗？

You know...Tell us, Dan. Don't you know? Don't you know how this ends?

你知道...告诉我们，丹。难道你不知道吗？难道你不知道这是怎么结束的吗？

Among - you know, climate advocates here were worried about the possibility that this conference would come out without a kind of a least-common-denominator result.

你知道，这里的气候倡导者担心这次会议可能会没有达成某种最小共识的结果。

Where some countries, like the U.S. or the Europeans, would refuse to deliver money and then the developing countries would work together with, you know, sort of, say, the Saudis to water down calls to cut greenhouse emissions⁹.

一些国家，如美国或欧洲，会拒绝提供资金，然后发展中国家会与沙特合作，淡化削减温室气体排放的呼声。

That looks less likely now with this new draft.

现在这份新草案看起来不太可能做到这一点。

It's pointing in the other direction toward a resolution that would, say, provide more money to help poor countries adapt and also sign onto more ambitious targets for cutting emissions.

它指向了另一个解决方案的方向，比如，提供更多资金帮助贫穷国家适应气候，并签署更雄心勃勃的减排目标。

But nothing is decided¹⁰.

但是什么都还没有决定。

1 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

2 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

6 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

8 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

9 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

10 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。