读者文摘:最新医学研究新闻

Why Vegetarians² Should Add in B12

为什么素食主义者需要补充维生素B12

In a National Institutes of Health study, vegan and vegetarian¹ participants tended to score higher than meat eaters on a depression-measuring scale.

在一项美国国家卫生研究院的研究中，在一个抑郁测量量表上，纯素食者和素食者的得分往往高于肉食者。

While the results don't prove causality, it wouldn't be surprising if nutritional³ shortfalls were to blame, the researchers said.

调查人员称，尽管结果没有证明因果关系，但营养不足是罪魁祸首是不会让人感到惊讶的。

In particular, vegetarians and vegans are often low in vitamin B12, and animal products are the only natural source of this nutrient⁴.

特别是，纯素食者和素食者的维生素B12经常处于低水平，动物制品是维生素B12的唯一天然来源。

However, it’s possible to reach the recommended levels by taking supplements or by eating fortified⁵ foods such as soy milk and breakfast cereal.

但是，通过食用营养补充品或像豆浆和早餐麦片等强化食品是可以达到维生素B12的推荐水平的。

Air Pollution Can Harm Your Kidneys

空气污染可损伤你的肾脏

Polluted air has long been linked to major health conditions such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, asthma⁶, and chronic⁷ obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

长久以来，空气污染一直与心脏病、中风、癌症、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)等主要健康状况有关。

A new study based on data from nearly 2.5 million people now adds kidney disease to the list.

一项基于250万人数据的新研究现在将肾病加入了该名单。

According to the researchers, the adverse⁸ effects increase as pollution levels increase,

据调查者称，随着污染水平提升，不良反应在增加，

but even relatively⁹ low amounts of particulate¹⁰ matter (which can include bits of dirt, dust, smoke, and soot)

但是，即使是相对较少的颗粒物（其中包括灰尘，尘土，烟雾，和煤烟），

may increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and ultimately contribute to kidney failure.

也可能增加患慢性肾病的风险，最终会导致肾脏衰竭。

If you live in an area with poor air quality, be on the lookout¹¹ for early signs of kidney disease.

如果你生活在空气质量不好的地区，请留意肾脏疾病的早期迹象。

They include foamy¹² or bloody¹³ urine, itchy skin, puffy eyes, muscle cramps¹⁴, unusual fatigue¹⁵, and swollen¹⁶ feet, hands, or ankles.

这些迹象包括，泡沫尿或血尿，皮肤瘙痒，眼睛浮肿，肌肉痉挛，不寻常的疲劳，手脚或踝关节水肿。

New Smart Hearing Aid in the Works

新型智能助听器正在研制中

Researchers at New York's Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engi-neering and Applied¹⁷ Science are developing a high-tech¹⁸ hearing aid

纽约哥伦比亚大学的傅氏基金工程和应用科学学院的研究人员正在开发一款高科技助听器，

that can help people focus on a single voice in a noisy restaurant or any other setting that's packed with competing and overlapping¹⁹ sounds.

这款助听器可帮助人们在嘈杂的餐馆或任何充满重叠声音的环境中专注于单一的声音。

The hearing aid works by monitoring the brain activity of the user to determine whether he or she is conversing²⁰ with a specific speaker;

这款助听器工作时是通过监测使用者的脑部活动，来判断使用者是否在和特定的人交谈。

it then automatically picks that person's voice out of a mixed audio feed and amplifies²¹ it.

然后，它会自动从混合音频中选择那个人的声音，并将其放大。

In a recent trial, almost all the subjects found the device helpful and wanted to continue using it beyond the test.

在最近的一次实验中，几乎所有的被试者都觉得这个助听器很有用，并且想在实验结束后继续使用它。

1 vegetarian   

n.素食者；adj.素食的

参考例句：

• She got used gradually to the vegetarian diet.她逐渐习惯吃素食。
• I didn't realize you were a vegetarian.我不知道你是个素食者。

2 vegetarians   

n.吃素的人( vegetarian的名词复数 )；素食者；素食主义者；食草动物

参考例句：

• Vegetarians are no longer dismissed as cranks. 素食者不再被视为有怪癖的人。
• Vegetarians believe that eating meat is bad karma. 素食者认为吃肉食是造恶业。

3 nutritional   

adj.营养的，滋养的

参考例句：

• A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
• The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。

4 nutrient   

adj.营养的，滋养的；n.营养物，营养品

参考例句：

• Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
• The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。

5 fortified   

adj. 加强的

参考例句：

• He fortified himself against the cold with a hot drink. 他喝了一杯热饮御寒。
• The enemy drew back into a few fortified points. 敌人收缩到几个据点里。

6 asthma   

n.气喘病，哮喘病

参考例句：

• I think he's having an asthma attack.我想他现在是哮喘病发作了。
• Its presence in allergic asthma is well known.它在过敏性气喘中的存在是大家很熟悉的。

7 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

8 adverse   

adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的

参考例句：

• He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
• The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。

9 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

10 particulate   

adj.微小的；n.微粒，粒子

参考例句：

• A special group was organized to dig up the particulate of the case.成立了一个专门小组来查明该案件的各个细节。
• Lungs retain relatively insoluble particulate material.肺脏内留有不溶解的颗粒物质。

11 lookout   

n.注意，前途，瞭望台

参考例句：

• You can see everything around from the lookout.从了望台上你可以看清周围的一切。
• It's a bad lookout for the company if interest rates don't come down.如果利率降不下来，公司的前景可就不妙了。

12 foamy   

adj.全是泡沫的，泡沫的，起泡沫的

参考例句：

• In Internet foamy 2001, so hard when, everybody stayed. 在互联网泡沫的2001年，那么艰难的时候，大家都留下来了。 来自互联网
• It's foamy milk that you add to the coffee. 将牛奶打出泡沫后加入咖啡中。 来自互联网

13 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

14 cramps   

n. 抽筋, 腹部绞痛, 铁箍 adj. 狭窄的, 难解的 v. 使...抽筋, 以铁箍扣紧, 束缚

参考例句：

• If he cramps again let the line cut him off. 要是它再抽筋，就让这钓索把它勒断吧。
• "I have no cramps." he said. “我没抽筋，"他说。

15 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

16 swollen   

adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀

参考例句：

• Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
• A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。

17 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

18 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

19 overlapping   

adj./n.交迭（的）

参考例句：

• There is no overlapping question between the two courses. 这两门课程之间不存在重叠的问题。
• A trimetrogon strip is composed of three rows of overlapping. 三镜头摄影航线为三排重迭的象片所组成。

20 conversing   

v.交谈，谈话( converse的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• I find that conversing with her is quite difficult. 和她交谈实在很困难。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They were conversing in the parlor. 他们正在客厅谈话。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

21 amplifies   

放大，扩大( amplify的第三人称单数 )； 增强； 详述

参考例句：

• Gain is the number of times the amplifier amplifies a signal. 增益就是放大器放大信号的倍数。
• Such panicky behaviour amplifies the impact of the Russian export ban. 这样的恐慌行为放大了俄罗斯小麦出口禁令的影响效应。