读者文摘:宠物长寿指南(2)

One. Watch Their Weight. An estimated 60 percent of cats and 56 percent of dogs are over-weight or obese¹, according to the Association for Pet Obesity² Prevention.

观察他们的体重。据英国宠物肥胖预防协会估计，60%的猫和56%的狗超重或肥胖。

That can lead to big trouble. "Excess weight increases the risk of conditions like diabetes³, some cancers, and certain breathing problems,

这会导致出现大问题。超重会增加患糖尿病、某些癌症和某些呼吸疾病的风险，

while the extra strain on joints⁴ can hasten the onset⁵ and worsen the severity of arthritis,"

而关节的额外压力会加速关节炎的发病，加重关节炎的严重程度。”

says Jo Gale⁶, global scientific advocacy and stake-holder relations manager for Mars Petcare.

玛氏宠物护理公司的全球科学倡导和股东关系经理乔·盖尔说道。

One study found that being overweight shortened dogs' life spans by up to 2.5 years compared with ideal-weight canine⁷ peers.

一个研究发现，和理想体重的犬类同类相比，超重会使狗减少2.5年的寿命。

How can you tell whether your pet needs to drop some pounds?

怎么判断你的宠物是否需要减重呢？

When you look at your dog or cat from above, you should see a distinct tuck at the waistline, and you should be able to feel (but not see) the ribs⁸.

当你从上面看你的狗或猫的时候，你应该能看到腰部有一个明显的褶，你应该能感觉到(但不能看到)肋骨。

If not, a few small changes could help: Walk your dog a few extra blocks a day, limit treats, and weigh your dog or cat regularly.

如果不是这样，一些小的改变就有用：每天多遛狗走几个街区，少吃零食，定期称狗或猫的体重。

Two. Visit the Vet⁹. As with humans, early exams can spot problems soon enough for successful treatment.

去看兽医。和人类一样，早期的检查可以尽早发现问题，以成功接受治疗。

"Because pets age more quickly than humans, issues can creep up fast,"

“因为宠物比人类老化的速度更快，问题会迅速加重。”

says Pete Lands, DVM, director of emergency and critical care at Saint Francis Veterinary Center in Swedesboro, New Jersey¹⁰.

新泽西斯韦兹伯勒圣弗朗西斯兽医中心的紧急和重症监护主任皮特·兰德斯说。

Keep up on routine treatments such as vaccinations¹¹ and deworming.

坚持常规治疗，如接种疫苗和除虫。

Or consider a cat or dog wellness plan, which includes exams, vaccinations, dental cleanings, and tests.

或者考虑一个猫或狗的健康计划，这包括进行检查，接受疫苗，洗牙和进行测验。

Three. Don't Fret¹² About Gluten. Pets have specific nutritional¹³ requirements to stay healthy—most cats need to eat meat every day to get their protein.

不要担心麸质。宠物有特定的营养需求来保持健康——大多数猫需要每天吃肉来获取蛋白质。

But just like the human world, the pet world has its fair share of dietary crazes, most of which you should ignore.

但就像人类世界一样，宠物世界也有自己的饮食狂热，你应该忽视其中的大部分。

For instance, there are plenty of gluten-free dog foods for sale now,

比如，现在有很多的无麸质狗粮可以购买，

but gluten allergies¹⁴ seem to be "extremely rare" in pets, according to a report published by Tufts University.

但根据塔夫茨大学发表的一份报告，麸质过敏症在宠物身上似乎“极为罕见”。

Visit petfoodinstitute.org for more dietary information.

获取更多的饮食信息，请访问“petfoodinstitute.org”。

Four. Make an Exercise Plan. Pets need daily workouts to stay healthy, so a formal exercise regime is a good idea.

制定一个锻炼计划。宠物需要进行每日的锻炼来保持健康，因此一个正式的锻炼计划是个好主意。

Aim for between 30 minutes and two hours of daily activity, such as walking or running, recommends petmd.com.

在线宠物健康咨询网建议，每天运动30分钟到两个小时，比如走路或跑步。

Athletic¹⁵ breeds such as German shepherds and collies will require more exercise, while smaller dogs such as bulldogs can benefit from a short walk around the neighborhood.

像体格健壮的德国牧羊犬和牧羊犬等品种的狗将需要更多的锻炼，而较小的狗，如斗牛犬可以受益于附近的短步行。

You can stimulate¹⁶ your cat by playing with a laser pointer (avoid aiming it at your cat's eyes), providing catnip-infused toys, or adding perches¹⁷ to your home.

你可以用激光棒增加猫的运动（避免用激光照射猫的眼睛），提供樟脑草填充玩具，或增加你家的栖木。

And believe it or not, GPS- or WiFi-enabled devices can track your pet's steps, calories burned, heart rate, and other indicators¹⁸.

而且，信不信由你，装有GPS或者可以连接无线网的设备可以记录你的宠物的步数，燃烧的卡路里，心率，和其他的指标。

1 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

2 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

3 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

4 joints   

接头( joint的名词复数 )； 关节； 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所） （非正式）； 一块烤肉 （英式英语）

参考例句：

• Expansion joints of various kinds are fitted on gas mains. 各种各样的伸缩接头被安装在煤气的总管道上了。
• Expansion joints of various kinds are fitted on steam pipes. 各种各样的伸缩接头被安装在蒸气管道上了。

5 onset   

n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始

参考例句：

• The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
• Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。

6 gale   

n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等）

参考例句：

• We got our roof blown off in the gale last night.昨夜的大风把我们的房顶给掀掉了。
• According to the weather forecast,there will be a gale tomorrow.据气象台预报，明天有大风。

7 canine   

adj.犬的，犬科的

参考例句：

• The fox is a canine animal.狐狸是犬科动物。
• Herbivorous animals have very small canine teeth,or none.食草动物的犬牙很小或者没有。

8 ribs   

n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹

参考例句：

• He suffered cracked ribs and bruising. 他断了肋骨还有挫伤。
• Make a small incision below the ribs. 在肋骨下方切开一个小口。

9 vet   

n.兽医，退役军人；vt.检查

参考例句：

• I took my dog to the vet.我把狗带到兽医诊所看病。
• Someone should vet this report before it goes out.这篇报道发表之前应该有人对它进行详查。

10 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

11 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 fret   

v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损

参考例句：

• Don't fret.We'll get there on time.别着急，我们能准时到那里。
• She'll fret herself to death one of these days.她总有一天会愁死的.

13 nutritional   

adj.营养的，滋养的

参考例句：

• A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
• The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。

14 allergies   

n.[医]过敏症；[口]厌恶，反感；（对食物、花粉、虫咬等的）过敏症( allergy的名词复数 )；变态反应，变应性

参考例句：

• Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms. 食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。 来自辞典例句
• Let us, however, examine one of the most common allergies; hayfever. 现在让我们来看看最常见的变态反应的一种--枯草热。 来自辞典例句

15 athletic   

adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的

参考例句：

• This area has been marked off for athletic practice.这块地方被划出来供体育训练之用。
• He is an athletic star.他是一个运动明星。

16 stimulate   

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

• Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
• Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

17 perches   

栖息处( perch的名词复数 )； 栖枝； 高处； 鲈鱼

参考例句：

• Other protection can be obtained by providing wooden perches througout the orchards. 其它保护措施是可在种子园中到处设置木制的栖木。
• The birds were hopping about on their perches and twittering. 鸟儿在栖木上跳来跳去，吱吱地叫着。

18 indicators   

（仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的）指针( indicator的名词复数 )； 指示物； （车辆上的）转弯指示灯； 指示信号

参考例句：

• The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
• It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。