读者文摘:最新医学研究(1)

VEGGIES LOWER BREAST CANCER RISK.

蔬菜可降低乳腺癌风险

In two large observational studies analyzed¹ by Harvard University health scientists,

在由哈佛大学健康学家分析的两项大型观察性研究中，

eating 5.5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables each day was associated with an 11 percent reduced likelihood of getting breast cancer, compared with 2.5 servings or fewer.

与每天吃2.5份或更少水果和蔬菜的人相比，每天吃5.5份或更多水果和蔬菜的人，患乳腺癌的几率少11%。

The effect was even more pronounced for aggressive forms of breast cancer such as ER-negative and HER2-enriched tumors.

在侵袭性乳腺癌中这种影响更为明显，如ER阴性和HER2阳性肿瘤。

Cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli², cauliflower, and kale) and orange and yellow ones (carrots, sweet potatoes) appeared to pack the greatest preventive punch.

十字花科蔬菜(如西兰花、花椰菜和羽衣甘蓝)和橙色和黄色的蔬菜(胡萝卜、甘薯)似乎是最有效的预防措施。

A New Test for Early Alzheimer's.

早期阿尔茨海默病的新实验。

Having trouble figuring out which way to go can be an early sign of Alzheimer's.

难以想出要走哪条路可能是患早期阿尔茨海默病的征兆。

That's because one of the first regions of the brain to be damaged by the disease is the entorhinal cortex, which is key to our sense of where we are.

这是因为，大脑中最先被这种疾病破坏的区域之一是内嗅皮层，它是我们感知自身位置的关键。

Researchers used that information to craft an innovative³ test: They asked 45 patients with mild cognitive⁴ impairment

研究人员利用了这个信息做了一个创新测验：他们让45个有轻度认知障碍的人

(which can be a precursor⁵ to Alzheimer's but is sometimes the result of anxiety or other conditions) to navigate⁶ virtual walking paths as seen on a virtual reality headset.

（它可能是阿尔茨海默病的前兆，但有时是焦虑或其他情况导致的结果）在虚拟现实头盔上虚拟行走。

Those who performed the worst also tested positive for biomarkers of Alzheimer's in their cerebrospinal fluid.

那些表现最差的人的脑脊液中阿尔茨海默病的生物标志物检测也呈阳性。

The virtual reality test could become a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool because it identified patients with early Alzheimer's more accurately⁷ than the cognitive tests now in use.

虚拟现实测试可以成为一种有价值的无创诊断工具，因为它对早期阿尔茨海默病的检测比现在使用的认知测试更准确。

Surprise—Life Span Is Barely Affected⁸ by Genes⁹.

惊喜-生命几乎不受基因影响。

If you think you're golden because both sets of your grandparents lived to a ripe old age, think again.

如果你因为自己的祖父母和外祖父母都活到了高龄，而认为自己很了不起，那你就错了。

A new study has found that genes account for less than 7 percent of a person's life span, much less than the 20–30 percent of most previous estimates.

一项新的研究发现，基因在影响一个人的寿命的因素中占的比例不到7%，远低于此前大多数估计的20%至30%。

Researchers analyzed the 54 million public family trees on ancestry¹⁰.com, comparing the life spans of 406 million people born from the 19th century to the mid-20th century.comparing the life spans of 406 million people born from the 19th century to the mid-20th century.

研究人员分析了ancestry.com网站上的5400万个公共家谱，比较了4.06亿19世纪至20世纪中期出生的人的寿命。

They found that spouses¹¹ and even in-laws had more similar life spans than siblings¹²,

他们发现，相比兄弟姐妹，配偶，甚至是姻亲之间的寿命更接近。

indicating that life span is influenced mostly by lifestyle factors, such as having access to clean water, not smoking, and eating healthfully.

这表明，寿命主要是由生活方式因素影响的，比如，可以喝到干净的饮用水，不抽烟，饮食健康。

AIR PURIFIERS HELP THE HEART.

空气净化器有助于心脏健康。

The air inside virtually every house contains some fine particulate¹³ matter, coming from sources such as mold and cooking smoke.

事实上，每家每户的空气中都含有一些来自霉菌和炊烟等来源的细颗粒物。

These microscopic¹⁴ particles increase the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular prob- lems, especially in older people.

这些微粒会增加患呼吸系统和心血管疾病的风险，特别是老年人。

In a study of 40 nonsmoking adults with an average age of 67, using an air purifier at home not only reduced participants' exposure to the noxious¹⁵ particles by 30–50 percent (depending on the filter)

一项对40名平均年龄为67岁的不吸烟成年人的研究发现，在家里使用空气净化器不仅使参与者接触有害颗粒的机会减少了30%至50%(取决于过滤器)，

but also lowered their systolic blood pressure by a modest but meaningful average of 3.2 mm Hg.

同时，他们的收缩压平均也降低了3.2毫米汞柱，虽然幅度不大，但意义很大。

1 analyzed   

v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 broccoli   

n.绿菜花，花椰菜

参考例句：

• She grew all the broccoli plants from seed.这些花椰菜都是她用种子培育出来的。
• They think broccoli is only green and cauliflower is only white.他们认为西兰花只有绿色的，而菜花都是白色的。

3 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

4 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

5 precursor   

n.先驱者；前辈；前任；预兆；先兆

参考例句：

• Error is often the precursor of what is correct.错误常常是正确的先导。
• He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.他说该笔交易不应该被看作是合并的前兆。

6 navigate   

v.航行，飞行；导航，领航

参考例句：

• He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic by air.他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。
• Such boats can navigate on the Nile.这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。

7 accurately   

adv.准确地，精确地

参考例句：

• It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
• Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。

8 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

9 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

10 ancestry   

n.祖先，家世

参考例句：

• Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
• He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。

11 spouses   

n.配偶，夫或妻( spouse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Jobs are available for spouses on campus and in the community. 校园里和社区里有配偶可做的工作。 来自辞典例句
• An astonishing number of spouses-most particularly in the upper-income brackets-have no close notion of their husbands'paychecks. 相当大一部分妇女——特别在高收入阶层——并不很了解他们丈夫的薪金。 来自辞典例句

12 siblings   

n.兄弟，姐妹( sibling的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• A triplet sleeps amongst its two siblings. 一个三胞胎睡在其两个同胞之间。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She has no way of tracking the donor or her half-siblings down. 她没办法找到那个捐精者或她的兄弟姐妹。 来自时文部分

13 particulate   

adj.微小的；n.微粒，粒子

参考例句：

• A special group was organized to dig up the particulate of the case.成立了一个专门小组来查明该案件的各个细节。
• Lungs retain relatively insoluble particulate material.肺脏内留有不溶解的颗粒物质。

14 microscopic   

adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的

参考例句：

• It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
• A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。

15 noxious   

adj.有害的，有毒的；使道德败坏的，讨厌的

参考例句：

• Heavy industry pollutes our rivers with noxious chemicals.重工业产生的有毒化学品会污染我们的河流。
• Many household products give off noxious fumes.很多家用产品散发有害气体。