美国国家公共电台 NPR 特朗普与推特纷争升级 总统颁行政令修理社交媒体

This fight between President Trump¹ and Twitter seems to be escalating². Twitter has flagged a tweet from the president about the protests in Minneapolis as violating its rules against glorifying³ violence. This morning, one of the commissioners⁵ of the Federal Communications Commission criticized Twitter, and the White House dug in retweeting the president's Minneapolis tweet. Now, yesterday, the president used his executive powers to crack down on private social media companies. That was in reaction to Twitter adding fact-checking labels to two of the president's tweets that spread false information about mail-in voting. A lot to talk about here with NPR's tech correspondent, Shannon Bond. Shannon, welcome.

特朗普总统与推特之间的争斗似乎正在升级。推特对总统就明尼阿波利斯市抗议活动所发表的推文进行了标记，称其违反推特“美化暴力”的规定。今天早上，联邦通讯委员会的一名委员对推特进行了指责，白宫则坚持立场，转发总统关于明尼阿波利斯市抗议的推文。昨天，总统动用行政权力打击私营社交媒体公司。这是对推特公司将总统两条推文贴上“事实核查”标签的回应，这两条推文传播了涉及邮寄选票的虚假信息。NPR新闻的科技记者香农·邦德将带来详细报道。香农，欢迎你。

SHANNON BOND, BYLINE⁶: Hi, David.

香农·邦德连线：你好，大卫。

GREENE: So can you just start by taking us through this tweet from the president about these protests in Minneapolis, which, of course, sparked by the death of George Floyd in police custody⁷? What happened there?

格林：你能先介绍一下总统就明尼阿波利斯抗议活动发表的推文吗？当然，抗议活动因乔治·弗洛伊德在警方拘押期间死亡而引发。发生了什么？

BOND: That's right. So Trump tweeted calling the protesters thugs and he wrote, quote, "when the looting starts, the shooting starts." And it's that last line that Twitter says breaks its rules against glorifying violence. So it's put this warning label that hides the tweet. Users actually have to click through that label in order to read the tweet. They're blocked from liking⁸ it or replying to it. You know, this is a bigger move than just slapping a fact-check on tweets. It hasn't put one of these labels on a Trump tweet before. And you mentioned the White House has retweeted that. I just checked. That tweet has now also been flagged. So this really shows that Twitter is not backing down and clearly neither is Trump.

邦德：没错。特朗普发推称抗议者是暴徒，他写道：“抢劫开始之时，就是开枪之时。”推特公司表示，这则推文中的最后一句话违反了其“美化暴力”的规定。因此，推特贴上警告标签，将这则推文隐藏。用户要点击警告标签才能浏览这则推文。隐藏内容不能点赞也不能回复。相较于将推文贴上“事实核查”标签，这是更大的举措。推特此前从未在特朗普发表的推文上贴过这些标签。你刚才提到，白宫转发了总统的推文。我刚查看了一下。白宫转发的推文现在也被标记了。这明确表明，推特没有退让，当然总统也没有。

GREENE: OK. So one action that the president took was this executive order yesterday. Can you just explain what he's trying to achieve with this here?

格林：好。总统采取的其中一项行动就是昨天发布了行政令。你能解释一下他想用行政令达到什么目的吗？

BOND: Yeah. So this is about a decades-old law that says online platforms of any sort are not legally responsible for most content that people post on them. So that means you can't sue Twitter or Facebook because you don't like what someone posts there. And Trump is trying to poke⁹ holes in that legal protection. He says in this case of Twitter, you know, labeling his tweets, the company is acting¹⁰ more like a publisher by making editorial decisions. And therefore, it doesn't deserve this legal immunity¹¹. But the experts I spoke¹² with say this executive order is probably not legally going to carry much weight.\

邦德：好。这是一项已有数十年历史的法律，规定任何形式的在线平台都不对人们在其上发布的大部分内容承担法律责任。这意味着你不能因为不喜欢某人发布的内容而起诉推特或脸谱网。特朗普正试图找出这一法律保护中的漏洞。他表示，在推特这一案例中，即为推文贴标签的做法，是在做出编辑决定，这使推特表现得更像是出版商。因此，推特不应该享有这种法律豁免权。但接受我采访的专家表示，这一行政令可能在法律上起不到多少作用。

GREENE: And why is that? Like, are they just saying the president doesn't have the authority to do this?

格林：为什么？他们的意思是总统无权这样做吗？

BOND: Well, they say Congress has the power to change the law, not the president. And this might violate the company's First Amendment¹³ rights, which is kind of ironic¹⁴ because this all stems from Trump accusing Twitter of stifling¹⁵ his free speech. Now, the order would put the Federal Communications Commission in the mix here to determine if these platforms should have immunity. I spoke to Jessica Rosenworcel, a Democratic FCC Commissioner⁴, yesterday. She says doing that would turn the agency into, quote, "the president's speech police." But this morning, a Republican commissioner, Brendan Carr, has accused Twitter of punishing the president because it disagrees with his politics. So however this whole fight plays out, it still actually could be a win for the president. I spoke to Kate Klonick. She's a law professor at St. John's University. And here's what she had to say.

邦德：他们表示，有权修改法律的是国会，而不是总统。这可能会侵犯推特公司的第一修正案权利，这有点讽刺，因为这一切都源于特朗普指责推特扼杀他的自由言论。联邦通讯委员会要确定这些平台是否应享有豁免权，但现在，这一行政令使该委员会产生分歧。我昨天采访了联邦通讯委员会民主党委员杰西卡·罗森沃塞尔。她说，这样做会令委员会变成“总统的言论警察”。但今天早上，共和党委员布伦丹·卡尔指责推特因不同意总统的政策而惩罚总统。因此，无论这场斗争如何发展，对总统来说可能都会是一场胜利。我采访了凯特·克洛尼克。她是圣约翰大学的法学教授。下面是她所说。

KATE KLONICK: The president satisfies his base, which believes that there is conservative social media bias¹⁶ out there. And they are happy at the end of the day. And if it doesn't work, it's not Trump's fault. It's basically Congress and the court's fault.

凯特·克洛尼克：总统令其选民基础满意，这些选民认为存在保守的社交媒体偏见。他们最终感到满意。如果不起作用，那也不是特朗普的错。从基本上来说，这是国会和法院的错。

BOND: So she says, you know, depending how this goes, these companies just might not want to engage in this fight. I mean, of course, Twitter definitely still is right now.

邦德：她说，就形势发展来说，这些公司可能根本不想参与这场争斗。当然，推特现在肯定还在争斗之中。

GREENE: Yeah. Well, are companies engaging and reacting to this?

格林：好。各公司有参与其中吗？他们有何反应？

BOND: Well, there's a real divide between I think the companies that are most in the spotlight¹⁷ here, which are Twitter and Facebook. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said on Fox News yesterday that he thinks Facebook shouldn't be the arbiter¹⁸ of truth. That's the thing he's been saying for a while now. And Trump has posted many of these same things on Facebook, but they haven't taken any action. That said, Facebook is not supporting the president. And we see, you know, Twitter on the other hand is condemning¹⁹ the executive order as reactionary²⁰, as politicized. Jack²¹ Dorsey says this is about providing more transparency. So I think we'll keep these — we'll continue to see these divides and tensions widening and playing out through the election.

邦德：我认为最受关注的公司推特和脸谱网之间存在明显的分歧。脸谱网首席执行官马克·扎克伯格昨天接受福克斯新闻台采访时表示，他认为脸谱网不应成为真相的仲裁者。这是他一段时间以来一直在重复的言论。特朗普在脸谱网上发布了许多类似信息，但脸谱网未采取任何行动。也就是说，脸谱网不支持总统。我们看到，另一方面，推特谴责该行政令是反动且政治化的。杰克·多西（推特首席执行官）表示，这涉及提供更多透明度。因此我认为，我们会看到这些分歧和紧张局势继续扩大，并在选举过程中不断发展变化。

GREENE: NPR tech correspondent Shannon Bond for us this morning. Shannon, thanks so much.

格林：以上是NPR新闻的科技记者香农·邦德今天早上带来的报道。香农，非常谢谢你。

BOND: Thank you, David.

邦德：谢谢，大卫。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 escalating   

v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大

参考例句：

• The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用在迅速上涨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cost of living is escalating in the country. 这个国家的生活费用在上涨。 来自辞典例句

3 glorifying   

赞美( glorify的现在分词 )； 颂扬； 美化； 使光荣

参考例句：

• I had no intention of either glorifying or belittling Christianity, merely the desire to understand it. 我并没有赞扬基督教或蔑视它的立意，我所想的只是了解它。
• You are glorifying a rather mediocre building. 你正在美化一栋普普通通的建筑。

4 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

5 commissioners   

n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官

参考例句：

• The Commissioners of Inland Revenue control British national taxes. 国家税收委员管理英国全国的税收。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The SEC has five commissioners who are appointed by the president. 证券交易委员会有５名委员，是由总统任命的。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

6 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

7 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

8 liking   

n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢

参考例句：

• The word palate also means taste or liking.Palate这个词也有“口味”或“嗜好”的意思。
• I must admit I have no liking for exaggeration.我必须承认我不喜欢夸大其词。

9 poke   

n.刺，戳，袋；vt.拨开，刺，戳；vi.戳，刺，捅，搜索，伸出，行动散慢

参考例句：

• We never thought she would poke her nose into this.想不到她会插上一手。
• Don't poke fun at me.别拿我凑趣儿。

10 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

11 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

12 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

13 amendment   

n.改正，修正，改善，修正案

参考例句：

• The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
• The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。

14 ironic   

adj.讽刺的，有讽刺意味的，出乎意料的

参考例句：

• That is a summary and ironic end.那是一个具有概括性和讽刺意味的结局。
• People used to call me Mr Popularity at high school,but they were being ironic.人们中学时常把我称作“万人迷先生”，但他们是在挖苦我。

15 stifling   

a.令人窒息的

参考例句：

• The weather is stifling. It looks like rain. 今天太闷热，光景是要下雨。
• We were stifling in that hot room with all the windows closed. 我们在那间关着窗户的热屋子里，简直透不过气来。

16 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

17 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

18 arbiter   

n.仲裁人，公断人

参考例句：

• Andrew was the arbiter of the disagreement.安德鲁是那场纠纷的仲裁人。
• Experiment is the final arbiter in science.实验是科学的最后仲裁者。

19 condemning   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
• I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

20 reactionary   

n.反动者，反动主义者；adj.反动的，反动主义的，反对改革的

参考例句：

• They forced thousands of peasants into their reactionary armies.他们迫使成千上万的农民参加他们的反动军队。
• The reactionary ruling clique was torn by internal strife.反动统治集团内部勾心斗角，四分五裂。

21 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。