美国国家公共电台 NPR 特朗普签署警察改革行政令 未完全禁止扼喉

President Trump¹ unveiled his version of police reform today. It was an executive order signed in the Rose Garden that he says will encourage police departments around the country to adopt better use of force and de-escalation policies.

特朗普总统今天公布了他的警察改革计划。这是在玫瑰园签署的一项行政令，他说这将鼓励美国各地的警察部门采取更好的武力使用和降级政策。

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PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: Reducing crime and raising standards are not opposite goals. They are not mutually exclusive.

唐纳德·特朗普总统：减少犯罪和提高标准并不是对立的目标。它们并不互相排斥。

CHANG: This move comes after the police killing² of George Floyd in Minneapolis, which led to weeks of protests in the U.S. White House reporter Ayesha Rascoe joins us now with more.

张：行政令发布前，警方在明尼阿波利斯杀害了乔治·弗洛伊德，这在美国引发了持续数周的抗议活动。白宫记者阿伊莎·拉斯科将带来详细报道。

Hey, Ayesha.

你好，阿伊莎。

AYESHA RASCOE, BYLINE³: Hello.

阿伊莎·拉斯科连线：你好。

CHANG: So what exactly does this executive order do?

张：这项行政令具体包括哪些内容？

RASCOE: There are three major components⁴. First, it uses federal grant money as an incentive⁵ to get local law enforcement agencies to seek specific certifications and credentials⁶. The intent is that this will persuade departments to get more up-to-date training. It also calls for the attorney general to set up a database that will allow jurisdictions⁷ to share information about police officers who engage in excessive force and other inappropriate behavior. This database is supposed to allow departments to track officers who engage in misconduct so they don't get kicked out of one job and then just get hired again someplace else.

拉斯科：有三个主要部分。首先，行政令将联邦拨款作为激励，使地方执法机构寻求具体的认证和证书。其目的在于说服各部门接受更多最新培训。行政令还要求总检察长设立数据库，允许司法管辖区分享警察过度使用武力和其他不当行为的信息。这个数据库应允许各部门追踪存在不当行为的警察，以确保这些警察不会在被一个岗位解雇后，又在其他岗位重新被录用。

CHANG: OK.

张：好。

RASCOE: The final part of the order calls for the Justice Department to look at ways for law enforcement to partner with social workers and other advocates to help respond to calls dealing⁸ with mental health, addiction⁹, things of that nature. The administration is also looking at what type of legislation might be needed to help improve law enforcement practices and interactions between the police and the communities they're supposed to protect. The order does not specifically mention racism¹⁰. It does say that police misconduct in African American communities should be addressed.

拉斯科：行政令的最后一部分要求司法部研究执法部门与社会工作者和其他倡导者合作的方式，以帮助回应有关心理健康、上瘾等此类问题的呼吁。政府也在研究可能需要的立法，以帮助改善执法行为以及警察与他们应保护的社区之间的互动。行政令并未特别提到种族主义。但行政令明确表示，非洲裔美国人社区的警察不当行为应该得到解决。

CHANG: So how much of a difference do you think this executive order will make? What's your sense?

张：你认为这项行政令能起多少作用？你怎么看？

RASCOE: A lot will depend on how this is implemented¹¹ and what type of follow-through happens here. But even some supporters of the president and conservative advocates say this is a first step and that these are modest changes. They fall well short of what some activists¹² and Democrats¹³ are calling for. It does not include a full ban on chokeholds. It does say that chokeholds should not be used unless an officer feels their life is at risk. But typically, in these cases that have raised all these concerns, officers will say they feel their lives were at risk. So this is not an overhaul¹⁴. And President Trump, in his speech, spent much of his time praising law enforcement, much less time talking about victims of police brutality¹⁵. And he continued to drive home his message about the need for tough policing of looters. Here's more from him.

拉斯科：这在很大程度上取决于落实情况以及后续行动。但就连总统的一些支持者以及保守派拥护者都认为，这只是第一步，这些只是温和的改变。行政令远未达到一些活动人士以及民主党人的要求。行政令不包括全面禁止“扼喉”动作。它确实指出，除非警察感觉自已的生命存在危险，否则不应使用“扼喉”动作。但通常来说，在这些引发担忧的案件中，警察都会说他们感觉自已的生命处于危险之中。因此，这并不是全面改革。在特朗普总统的讲话中，他大部分时间都在称赞执法，而谈论警察暴行受害者的时间则要少得多。他仍在向人们传递的信息是：需要加强对抢劫者的监管。下面来听一下他的讲话。

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TRUMP: Americans want law and order. They demand law and order. They may not say it. They may not be talking about it, but that's what they want. Some of them don't even know that's what they want, but that's what they want.

特朗普：美国公民想要法律和秩序。他们要求法律和秩序。他们可能没有说出来。他们可能没有谈论这件事，但这就是他们想要的。他们中有些人甚至不知道那是他们想要的，但那确实就是他们想要的。

RASCOE: Trump did meet with some families that have lost their loved ones at the hands of the police, but those families notably¹⁶ were not standing¹⁷ behind Trump for the photo op of him signing the order. Those were just law enforcement representatives standing behind him.

拉斯科：特朗普的确会见了一些亲人命丧警察之手的家庭，但从总统签署行政令时所拍摄的照片来看，显然这些家庭当时并未站在他身后。他身后站的是执法代表。

CHANG: Interesting. All right. So while the president was announcing this order, Congress is working on legislation right now to address some of these exact same issues. Did the president address those efforts? What did he say?

张：这值得注意。好。在总统宣布这项行政令的同时，国会正在制定立法，以解决部分完全相同的问题。总统有谈到这些努力吗？他说了什么？

RASCOE: He did say he wanted Congress to do something, but he didn't lay out what he wants Congress to do and what he will ultimately be willing to sign into law. Senate Republicans are working on a bill that could be unveiled as early as this week. That's expected to include measures to require more reporting from departments when force is used and seeking to encourage higher standards. House Democrats have already released a bill that would, among other things, outright¹⁸ ban chokeholds. But it's unclear whether you're going to get a deal between Republicans and Democrats that can pass both chambers¹⁹, and that's still a question.

拉斯科：他确实说他希望国会采取行动，但他并未具体说明他希望国会做什么，也未提到他最终愿意将哪些立法签署成法律。参议院共和党人正在制定一份法案，该法案最早可于本周公布。预计这份法案将包括的措施有：要求各部门在使用武力时提交更多报告，寻求鼓励提高标准。众议院民主党已经公布了一项法案，其中包括彻底禁止“扼喉”动作。但目前尚不清楚共和党和民主党之间是否能达成可在两院获得通过的协议，这仍然是个问题。

CHANG: That is NPR's Ayesha Rascoe.

张：以上是NPR新闻的阿伊莎·拉斯科带来的报道。

Thank you, Ayesha.

谢谢你，阿伊莎。

RASCOE: Thank you.

拉斯科：谢谢。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

5 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

6 credentials   

n.证明，资格，证明书，证件

参考例句：

• He has long credentials of diplomatic service.他的外交工作资历很深。
• Both candidates for the job have excellent credentials.此项工作的两个求职者都非常符合资格。

7 jurisdictions   

司法权( jurisdiction的名词复数 )； 裁判权； 管辖区域； 管辖范围

参考例句：

• Butler entreated him to remember the act abolishing the heritable jurisdictions. 巴特勒提醒他注意废除世袭审判权的国会法令。
• James I personally adjudicated between the two jurisdictions. 詹姆士一世亲自裁定双方纠纷。

8 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

9 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

10 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

11 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

12 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 overhaul   

v./n.大修，仔细检查

参考例句：

• Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder.王师傅主修这台磨床。
• It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知，铁路系统需要大检修。

15 brutality   

n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮

参考例句：

• The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
• a general who was infamous for his brutality 因残忍而恶名昭彰的将军

16 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

17 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

18 outright   

adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的

参考例句：

• If you have a complaint you should tell me outright.如果你有不满意的事，你应该直率地对我说。
• You should persuade her to marry you outright.你应该彻底劝服她嫁给你。

19 chambers   

n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅

参考例句：

• The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间：Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网