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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
2006职称英语考试模全真拟试题综合类C级（四）
第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.
A) at any place B) at any price C) in any language D) in any country
2. The company recommended that a new petrol station（should） be built here.
A) ordered B) insisted C) suggested D) demanded
3. It hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under.
A) sincere B) hard C) strict D) tight
4. The house stands as steady as a rock in the wind.
A) continuous B) quick C) firm D) exceptional
5. You must shine your shoes.
A) lighten B) clean C) wash D) polish
6. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environment problems.
A) list B) forbid C)handle D)investigate
7．A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday.
A) waited on B) talked to C) spoke1 to D) stayed with
8. Loud noises can be annoying.
A) hateful B) painful C) horrifying2 D)disturbing
9. These are our motives3 for doing it.
A) reasons B) arguments C) targets D)pursuit
10. Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.
A) control B) contribute C) convey D)contact
11. The example was fundamental to the argument.
A) impressive B) public C) essential D)slight
12. They are still calculating the impact of automation on the lives of factory workers.
A) affect B) influence C) pressure D)passion
13. She finally recovered herself one month after the operation on her stomach.
A) got along B) got better C) got on D)got out
14. The minister headed the committee.
A) was on the verge4 of B) was on the basis of
C) was at the cost of D) was in charge of
15. Her words offended me.
A) made angry B) made happy C) made excited D)made disappointed
第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
Plants and Mankind
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar5 position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed6 learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid7. When our Neolithic8 ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel9 of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy10 with plants in the wild would begin to fade away .
1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. People can not survive without plants.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences．
Investigators11 at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night．People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers12．
These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night．He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this．
Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic13 shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually15 sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed16 period than people who sleep more．
For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems．Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue17 interfere18 with day-to-day functioning．
KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．In an interview, Kripke noted19 that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed．As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia20 is to spend less time in bed．“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake．”he said．
1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 4___.
3. Paragraph 5___.
4. Paragraph 6___.
A. Keprike’s research tool
B. Dangers of Habitual14 shortages of sleep
C. Criticism on Kripke’s report
D. A way of overcoming insomnia
E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers
F. Classification of sleep problems
5．To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___.
6．Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___.
7． One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.
8. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying．
A fall asleep again ．
B become more energetic the following day
C sleep less than 7 hours
D confirm those serious consequences
E suffer sleep problems
F sleep more than 8 hours
第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇
Some things we know about language
Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain SO．But some
things we do know．
First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort．There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother．Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language．
Second，there is no such thing as a primitive21 language．There are many people whose
cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive．In all known 1anguages we can see complexities22 that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing．
This has not always been well understood；indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated．Popular ideas of the 1anguage of the American Indians will illustrate23．Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises．Study has proved this to be nonsense．There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and a11 of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek．
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly24 adequate．That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language．
Finally, we know that language changes．It is natural and normal for language to change；
the only languages which do not change are the dead ones．This is easy to understand if we look backward in time．Change goes on in all aspects of language．Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly．Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．
词汇：
race／n．种族
primitive／adj．原始的
uncivilized／adj．不开化的，落后的
complexity／n．复杂性，复杂现象
nonsense／n．胡说，没有根据的话
extensive／adj．广泛的
vocabulary／n．词汇
练习：
1． In the second paragraph the author thinks that
A)some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own．
B)some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own．
C)any human race，whether backward or not，has a language．
D)some races on earth call communicate without language．
2． According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have___ languages.
A)complicated
B)uncivilized
C)primitive
D)well—known
3．The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are
A)just as old as some well-known languages．
B)just as sophisticated as some well-known languages．
C)more developed than some well-known languages．
D)more complex than some well-known languages．
4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A)A language is a means of expressing a particular culture．
B)All languages can well express their respective cultures．
C)American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English．
D)Some languages are better than other languages．
5． According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in
A)grammar．
B)pronunciation．
C)vocabulary．
D)intonation．
第2篇
Stress Level Tied to Education Level
People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior．
However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health．
From this。researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random25．Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them．
The research team interviewed a national sample of 1．03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health．People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days，people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time，and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time．
‘‘Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health。’”lead researcher Dr．Joseph Grzywacz，of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement．“The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors．and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating26 for the less advantaged．”
Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic．
“If something happens every day, maybe it’snot seen as a stressor”Grzywacz says．“Maybe it is just 1ife．”
词汇：
stressful adj．紧张的；压力重的
diploma n．毕业文凭，毕业证书
stressor n．紧张刺激物
devastating adj．毁灭性的
follow-up n．(对病人的)随访
1． Stress level is closely related to
A)family size．
B)social status．
C)body weight．
D)work experience．
2．The 1．03 1 adults were interviewed
A)on adaily basis for 8days．
B)during one of eight days．
C)all by Grzywacz．
D)in groups．
3． Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?
A)People without any education．
B)People without high school degrees．
C)People with high school degrees．
D)People with college degrees．
4．The less advantaged people are，the greater
A)the impact of stress on their health is．
B)the effect of education on their health is
C)the level of their education is．
D)the degree of their health concern is．
5．Less—educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because
A)they don’t want to tell the truth．
B)they don’t want to face the truth．
C)stress is too common a factor in their life．
D their stress is more acute．
第3篇
Adaptation of Living Things
Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.
Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic27 chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.
1. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may
A. help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.
B. survive even in extremely severe conditions
C. become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.
D. result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.
2. In the first paragraph, the word "environments" could best be replaced by
A. contexts
B. surroundings
C. neighbors
D. enemies
3. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored
A. to frightened its enemies.
B. to attract its enemies
C. to adjust its body heat
D. to match its environment
4. Which of the following is not directly mentioned?
A. A living thing may adapt in its structure.
B. An organism may adapt in its function.
C. A living creature may adapt in its genetic29 makeup30.
D. A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.
5. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following?
A. A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own
B. A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.
C. A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals
D. A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.
第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
The first four minutes
When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes," he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that.
You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves."
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way."
__3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar31 at first, but it goes much better than the old one."
But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honest" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.
__4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ that is at least as important as how much we know.
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.
The first four minutes
第六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Man of Few Words
Everyone chases success，but not all of US want to be famous．
South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee is _l_ for keeping himself to himself．
When the 63-year—old was named the 2003 Nobel Prize winner for literature earlier this month, reporters were warned that they would find him “particularly difficult to _2_ ”
Coetzee lives in Australia but spends part of the year teaching at the University of Chicago. He seemed _3_ by the news he won the US$1.3 million prize．“It came as a complete surprise．I wasn’t even aware they were due to make the announcement．”he said．
His _4_ pf privacy led to doubts as to whether Coetzee will attend the prize．giving in Stockholm，Sweden，on December 10．
But despite being described as _5_ to track down，山e critics agree that his writing is easy to get to know．
Born in Cape28 Town，South Africa，to all English-speaking family, Coetzee _6_ his breakthrough in 1980 with the novel“Waiting for the Barbarians32”．He _7_ his place among the world’S leading writers with two Booker prize victories，Britain’S highest honour for novels．He first _8_ in 1983 for the“Life and Times of Michael K”．and his second title came in 1999 for“Disgrace”．
A major theme in his work iS South Africa’s former apartheid system．which divided whites from blacks． _9_ with the problems of violence，crime and racial division that still exist in the country, his books have enabled ordinary people to understand apartheid _10_ within．
“I have always been more interested in the past than the future。”he said in a rare interview．“The past _11_ its shadow over the present．I hope I have made one or two people think _12_ about whether they want to forget the past completely．”
In fact this purity in his writing seems to be _13_ in his personal life．Coetzee is a vegetarian，a cyclist rather than a motorist and doesn’t drink alcohol．
But what he has _14_ to 1iterature，culture and the people of South Africa is far greater than the things he has given up．“In looking at weakness and failure in 1ife，”the Nobel prize judging panel said，“Coetzee’s work _15_ the divine spark in man．”
词汇：
privacy／n．独居；不受干扰的自由
barbarian／n．&adj．野蛮人(的)，残暴的人(的)
apartheid／n．种族隔离；种族隔离制
divine／adj．神圣的
panel／n．评审小组
1．A)unhappy B)well known C)busy D)worried
2．A)catch B)come across C)run into D)bump into
3．A)influenced B)affected C)moved D)shocked
4．A)1ike B)devote C)love D)attract
5．A)difficult B)easy C)ready D)eager
6．A)forced B)caused C)made D)did
7．A)kept B)listed C)took D)arranged
8．A)received B)obtained C)won D)had
9．A)Dealing B)Handling C)Solving D)Removing
10．A)in B)out C)of D)from
11．A)covers B)puts C)spreads D)casts
12．A)once B)twice C)thrice D)four times
13．A)written B)hidden C)mirrored D)stricken
14．A)contributed B)added C)attributed D)created
15．A)tells B)says C)informs D)expresses
收听单词发音 |
1
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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2
horrifying
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| a.令人震惊的，使人毛骨悚然的 | |
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3
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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4
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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5
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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6
detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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7
orchid
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| n.兰花，淡紫色 | |
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8
neolithic
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| adj.新石器时代的 | |
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9
marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事 | |
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10
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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11
investigators
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| n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 ) | |
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12
sleepers
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| n.卧铺（通常以复数形式出现）；卧车( sleeper的名词复数 )；轨枕；睡觉（呈某种状态）的人；小耳环 | |
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13
chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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14
habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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15
habitually
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| ad.习惯地，通常地 | |
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16
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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17
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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18
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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19
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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20
insomnia
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| n.失眠，失眠症 | |
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21
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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22
complexities
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| 复杂性(complexity的名词复数)； 复杂的事物 | |
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23
illustrate
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| v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图 | |
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24
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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25
random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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26
devastating
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| adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的 | |
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27
inorganic
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| adj.无生物的；无机的 | |
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28
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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29
genetic
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| adj.遗传的，遗传学的 | |
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30
makeup
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| n.组织；性格；化装品 | |
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31
unfamiliar
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| adj.陌生的，不熟悉的 | |
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32
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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