美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国高校起诉成功 ICE认怂撤销留学生新规

International students will be permitted to stay in the U.S. for the fall semester if their school choose to hold online-only classes. Last week, Harvard and MIT sued U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement over a rule that would have barred those international students from the country unless they enrolled¹ in at least one in-person class. This is a win for schools and for students who'd been trying to plan for the fall semester. And NPR's Elissa Nadworny joins us now.

如果学校选择只上网课，国际留学生可以在秋季学期留在美国。上周，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院起诉美国移民和海关执法局（简称ICE），因为该机构颁布的一项规定禁止这些国际留学生入境美国，除非他们至少注册一门面授课程。而今天的更改对一直努力为秋季学期做计划的学校和学生来说是场胜利。NPR新闻的伊莉莎·纳德沃尼将带来详细报道。

Hi, Elissa.

你好，伊莉莎。

ELISSA NADWORNY, BYLINE²: Hey, Sarah.

伊莉莎·纳德沃尼连线：你好，萨拉。

MCCAMMON: So what happened today?

麦卡蒙：今天发生了什么？

NADWORNY: Well, Harvard and MIT took ICE to court today over a rule that would have potentially affected³ more than a million international students. Basically, the rule said if schools were all online because of the pandemic, their students couldn't stay in the U.S. So that's not a new rule.

纳德沃尼：今天，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院因一项可能影响100余万名国际留学生的规定将美国移民和海关执法局告上法庭。基本上，该规定表示如果学校因新冠疫情的影响而只上网课，那学校的留学生就不能留在美国。这并不是新规定。

But in March, when pretty much every school went virtual, ICE had allowed for flexibility⁴ for, quote, "the duration of the emergency." The rule issued last week was largely seen as a way for the Trump⁵ administration to push schools to reopen in the fall. So in court today, universities were expected to make arguments saying that this rule was onerous⁶, even dangerous for students. Instead, a judge said the schools had reached an agreement with the government to rescind⁷ the policy.

但今年3月，当几乎所有学校都转为网上教学时，美国移民和海关执法局为“紧急情况的持续”提供了灵活性。上周颁布的规定在很大程度上被视为特朗普政府逼迫学校在秋季开学的一种方式。今天，各所大学原本计划在法庭上提出的论据是，这项规定过于苛刻，甚至对学生构成危险。但这并未发生，而是由一名法官宣布，学校已与政府达成撤销这项政策的协议。

MCCAMMON: And, Elissa, schools will now be able to hold online classes this fall without fear of losing their international students. How are the schools reacting?

麦卡蒙：伊莉莎，现在学校能在秋季上网课，而且不用担心损失国际留学生。学校有何回应？

NADWORNY: Yeah, that's right. Well, there is a lot of relief. Many had decided⁸ to go mostly virtual. This rule from ICE last week kind of threw a wrench⁹ in all of that, you know? In some cases, schools were having to reevaluate every course offering to make sure that their international students would be able to have those in-person or hybrid¹⁰ courses to be able to comply.

纳德沃尼：没错。学校基本上都松了口气。许多学校决定以网课为主。美国移民和海关执法局上周颁布的规定打乱了所有计划。在某些情况下，学校不得不重新评估每门课程，以确保他们的国际留学生能上面授课程或混合课程，确保学生能遵守规定。

I spoke¹¹ with Pablo Ortiz, who oversees¹² international students and global campuses for Florida International University. That's a public university in Florida. They have thousands of international students from more than 140 countries. Let's listen to his response to today's news.

我采访了帕布罗·奥尔蒂斯，他负责监管佛罗里达大学的国际留学生和全球校园。佛罗里达大学是佛州的公立大学。这所学校有来自140多个国家的数千名留学生。我们来听听他对今天这一新闻的反应。

PABLO ORTIZ: It is certainly good news. I mean, we're happy to hear that. But we are cautiously optimistic that it will remain as such, and we'll be ready for any decisions that are made.

帕布罗·奥尔蒂斯：这当然是个好消息。我们很高兴听到这个消息。但我们持谨慎乐观的态度，我们认为现状可能维持，我们将为任何决定做好准备。

NADWORNY: So before today's change, FIU was having to rework about 3,500 individual course schedules for their international students to make sure they complied, which is a major undertaking¹³. Ortiz said administrators¹⁴ at FIU are still going to keep planning multiple scenarios¹⁵. You know, they don't want to get caught off guard again as they were last week.

纳德沃尼：在今天的改变发生前，佛罗里达大学不得不为国际留学生修改约3500份课程表，以确保他们能遵守规定，这是一项重大的任务。奥尔蒂斯表示，佛罗里达大学的管理人员将继续规划多种方案。他们不想再像上周那样措手不及。

It's also worth mentioning for schools that international students bring a lot of money. You know, they often pay full tuition. Many schools attached to this lawsuit¹⁶ cited big losses if this rule were going to go into effect. So this is good news for the bottom line for colleges.

对学校来说值得一提的是，国际留学生会带来大量资金。这些学生通常支付全额学费。许多与这起诉讼有关联的学校称，如果这项规定生效，他们将遭受重大损失。因此，这对学校的利益来说也是个好消息。

MCCAMMON: And, obviously, good news for these international students. How are they reacting?

麦卡蒙：显然，这对国际留学生来说也是好消息。他们有何回应？

NADWORNY: You know, there's still a lot of uncertainty¹⁷ for many international students, especially those who are outside of the U.S. But, yes, this is good news for so many students in the U.S. trying to stay here to study. Sumana Kaluvai is a UCLA grad who — she created a website last week to help current international students try and find in-person classes basically to allow them to comply and to stay. She's been working around the clock to help students. She was shocked to hear this news. Here she is.

纳德沃尼：对很多留学生来说，尤其是那些现在不在美国的留学生，目前仍有很多不确定因素。但是，这对试图留在美国学习的许多留学生来说是个好消息。苏玛娜·卡鲁瓦是加州大学洛杉矶分校（简称UCLA）的毕业生，她上周创建了一个网站，帮助国际留学生找到面授课程，使他们能遵守规定并留在美国。为了帮助这些学生，她一直在日以继夜地工作。她听到这个消息时非常震惊。下面是她所说。

SUMANA KALUVAI: Honestly, it makes me feel so relieved (laughter). And I think it's just proof that universities have a lot more power than we realize. And I'm glad that they took such quick action.

苏玛娜·卡鲁瓦：说实话，这让我感觉如释重负（笑）。我认为这证明了大学拥有的权利比我们意识到的要多得多。我很高兴他们能如此迅速地采取行动。

NADWORNY: So students that I've spoken to have really felt torn between their studies and their health. This was a major, major hurdle¹⁸ for them to try and figure out. OK, should I stay? Should I transfer to a new university? Do I have to switch majors? So many are just sighing relief here because it's simply one less thing to worry about. You know, heading into this fall, it's going to be really uncertain, unpredictable. We don't know what college is going to look like. So this is a real relief for a lot of folks, Sarah.

纳德沃尼：接受我采访的学生在学习和健康之间左右为难。对他们来说，寻找解决方案是巨大的障碍。我应该留下来吗？我应该转到另一所大学吗？我必须换专业吗？现在许多学生都松了一口气，因为他们不用再担心这件事了。今年秋季会有很多不确定和不可预测的情况。我们不知道届时大学会是什么情况。因此，萨拉，这对许多人来说是种解脱。

MCCAMMON: That's NPR's Elissa Nadworny.

麦卡蒙：以上是NPR新闻的伊莉莎·纳德沃尼带来的报道。

Thank you so much.

非常谢谢你。

NADWORNY: Thank you.

纳德沃尼：谢谢。

1 enrolled   

adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起

参考例句：

• They have been studying hard from the moment they enrolled. 从入学时起，他们就一直努力学习。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He enrolled with an employment agency for a teaching position. 他在职业介绍所登了记以谋求一个教师的职位。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

4 flexibility   

n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性

参考例句：

• Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
• The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 onerous   

adj.繁重的

参考例句：

• My household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家务活并不繁重。
• This obligation sometimes proves onerous.这一义务有时被证明是艰巨的。

7 rescind   

v.废除，取消

参考例句：

• They accepted his advice and rescinded the original plan.他们听从了他的劝告，撤销了原计划。
• Trade Union leaders have demanded the government rescind the price rise.工会领导已经要求政府阻止价格上涨。

8 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

9 wrench   

v.猛拧；挣脱；使扭伤；n.扳手；痛苦，难受

参考例句：

• He gave a wrench to his ankle when he jumped down.他跳下去的时候扭伤了足踝。
• It was a wrench to leave the old home.离开这个老家非常痛苦。

10 hybrid   

n.(动，植）杂种，混合物

参考例句：

• That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
• The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

11 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

12 oversees   

v.监督，监视( oversee的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments. 她既监督研究部门又监督生产部门。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Department of Education oversees the federal programs dealing with education. 教育部监管处理教育的联邦程序。 来自互联网

13 undertaking   

n.保证，许诺，事业

参考例句：

• He gave her an undertaking that he would pay the money back with in a year.他向她做了一年内还钱的保证。
• He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking.他太胆小，不敢从事任何事业。

14 administrators   

n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

参考例句：

• He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
• Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城

15 scenarios   

n.[意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本

参考例句：

• Further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者，根据一些事故解说，石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样，我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

16 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

17 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

18 hurdle   

n.跳栏，栏架；障碍，困难；vi.进行跨栏赛

参考例句：

• The weather will be the biggest hurdle so I have to be ready.天气将会是最大的障碍，所以我必须要作好准备。
• She clocked 11.6 seconds for the 80 metre hurdle.八十米跳栏赛跑她跑了十一秒六。