美国国家公共电台 NPR 委内瑞拉总统马杜罗巩固权力 反对派日渐削弱

To other news now — the U. S. -backed opposition¹ in Venezuela has spent years trying to dislodge authoritarian² President Nicolas Maduro. Nothing has worked. Instead, as John Otis reports, Maduro has consolidated³ power while the opposition appears to be growing weaker by the day.

现在来关注其他新闻，美国支持的委内瑞拉反对派多年来一直试图推翻独裁总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗。但至今未见成效。相反，据约翰·奥蒂斯报道，马杜罗巩固了其权力，而反对派似乎日渐虚弱。

JOHN OTIS, BYLINE⁴: It wasn't long ago that Maduro's days appeared to be numbered. His oil-rich country was facing its worst economic meltdown in history as well as crippling U.S. sanctions. Nearly 60 nations recognized opposition leader Juan Guaido as Venezuela's rightful head of state. In January, Guaido was a guest of honor at President Trump⁵'s State of the Union Address.

约翰·奥蒂斯连线：不久前，马杜罗的日子似乎还屈指可数。他盛产石油的国家面临着史上最严重的经济崩溃以及美国严厉的制裁。近60个国家承认反对派领袖胡安·瓜伊多是委内瑞拉的合法国家元首。今年1月，瓜伊多作为贵宾了出席特朗普总统的国情咨文演讲。

(SOUNDBITE OF 2020 STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS)

（2020年国情咨文演讲录音）

DONALD TRUMP: Here this evening is a very brave man who carries with him the hopes, dreams and aspirations⁶ of all Venezuelans. Joining us in the gallery is the true and legitimate⁷ president of Venezuela, Juan Guaido.

唐纳德·特朗普：今晚，观众席中有一位非常勇敢的人，他肩负着所有委内瑞拉人的希望、梦想和抱负。欢迎坐在旁听席的委内瑞拉真正合法的总统胡安·瓜伊多。

(APPLAUSE)

（掌声）

TRUMP: Mr. President, please take this message...

特朗普：总统先生，请将这个信息带回去……

OTIS: But Nicolas Maduro is still ensconced in the presidential palace. The Venezuelan military has ignored Guaido's calls to mutiny. Anti-government protests have petered out. Meanwhile, the opposition is split between moderates who favor negotiations⁸ and hard-liners who want military action to oust⁹ Maduro.

奥蒂斯：但尼古拉斯·马杜罗依然安居在总统府。委内瑞拉军方无视了瓜伊多的叛变呼吁。反政府抗议活动逐渐平息。与此同时，反对派分裂为支持谈判的温和派和希望采取军事行动罢黜马杜罗的强硬派。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: (Speaking Spanish).

身份不明的人1：（用西班牙语讲话）。

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking Spanish).

身份不明的人2：（用西班牙语讲话）。

OTIS: The hard-line strategy backfired in May when a tiny force of exiled Venezuelan soldiers tried to invade their homeland. They were quickly captured or killed.

奥蒂斯：强硬派的策略在5月份产生了事与愿违的后果，当时一小群委内瑞拉流亡士兵试图入侵他们的祖国委内瑞拉。但他们很快就被抓获或杀害。

ANGEL ALVARADO: So it's very sad for us. Right now we have a very, very complicated situation.

安吉尔·阿尔瓦拉多：这令我们非常难过。现在我们面临着极为复杂的局面。

OTIS: That's Angel Alvarado, a lawmaker with an opposition party called First Justice. The government jailed several party members. Then last month in a legal maneuver¹⁰, it replaced the leaders of First Justice and two other opposition parties with politicians friendly to Maduro. Alvarado claims these new party bosses were paid off to switch sides.

奥蒂斯：这是反对党“第一正义党”的议员安吉尔·阿尔瓦拉多所说。委内瑞拉政府监禁了多名该党成员。之后，在上个月进行的合法调遣中，政府用对马杜罗友好的政治家替换了“第一正义党”和另外两个反对党的领导人。阿尔瓦拉多称，这些新党首被买通后改变了立场。

ALVARADO: First, they persecute¹¹ the leadership of our party. Then they try to divide us. And then they replace the leadership of our party with new ones that received the money of Maduro.

阿尔瓦拉多：首先，他们迫害我们党的领导层。然后他们试图分裂我们。之后，他们用从马杜罗那里收到的钱替换了我们党的领导层。

OTIS: The Venezuelan government ignored NPR's request for comment. Geoff Ramsey of the Washington Office on Latin America says Maduro wants to weaken but not eliminate the opposition.

奥蒂斯：委内瑞拉政府无视了NPR新闻的置评请求。华盛顿拉丁美洲问题办事处的杰夫·拉姆齐表示，马杜罗想削弱反对派，而不是消灭他们。

GEOFF RAMSEY: It is ultimately useful for the regime to point to the existence of opposition politicians in Venezuela, as it allows them to say that they live in a democracy.

杰夫·拉姆齐：对于这个政权来说，最终有用的方法是指出委内瑞拉存在反对派政治家，因为这可以让他们说自已生活在民主国家。

OTIS: Maduro controls nearly every government institution except for the National Assembly, which is led by Juan Guaido. But now the opposition is talking about boycotting¹³ this year's legislative¹⁴ elections because of fears of vote rigging. If the opposition does boycott¹², Guaido will no longer be president of the legislature. Geoff Ramsey notes that this post is the basis for his claim to be Venezuela's legitimate head of state.

奥蒂斯：马杜罗控制着几乎所有政府机构，但胡安·瓜伊多领导的国民大会除外。而现在，反对派正在考虑抵制今年的立法选举，因为他们担心会出现选举舞弊。如果反对派真的抵制选举，那瓜伊多将不再担任立法主席。杰夫·拉姆齐指出，这个职位是他声称自已是委内瑞拉合法国家元首的依据。

RAMSEY: The international community is going to be at a crossroads where they'll have to decide whether to continue recognizing Juan Guaido as interim¹⁵ president of Venezuela.

拉姆齐：国际社会正处于十字路口，他们将不得不决定是否继续承认胡安·瓜伊多为委内瑞拉临时总统。

OTIS: At a recent rally in Caracas, Guaido tried to buck¹⁶ up his followers¹⁷.

奥蒂斯：在加拉加斯近期举行的一场集会上，瓜伊多试图鼓舞他的追随者。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

JUAN GUAIDO: (Speaking Spanish).

胡安·瓜伊多：（用西班牙语讲话）。

OTIS: He acknowledged that they are worn down and frustrated¹⁸. But he insisted the opposition would outlast¹⁹ Maduro.

奥蒂斯：他承认他们遭受了挫败和挫折。但他坚称反对派的存活时间会比马杜罗更长久。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

GUAIDO: (Speaking Spanish).

瓜伊多：（用西班牙语讲话）。

OTIS: "They are not going to defeat us," Guaido proclaimed. "We are still here."

奥蒂斯：瓜伊多宣称，“他们不会击败我们。我们仍在这里。”

For NPR News, I'm John Otis.

NPR新闻，约翰·奥蒂斯报道。

1 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

2 authoritarian   

n./adj.专制(的)，专制主义者，独裁主义者

参考例句：

• Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
• The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。

3 consolidated   

a.联合的

参考例句：

• With this new movie he has consolidated his position as the country's leading director. 他新执导的影片巩固了他作为全国最佳导演的地位。
• Those two banks have consolidated and formed a single large bank. 那两家银行已合并成一家大银行。

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 aspirations   

强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音

参考例句：

• I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
• The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。

7 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

8 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

9 oust   

vt.剥夺，取代，驱逐

参考例句：

• The committee wanted to oust him from the union.委员会想把他从工会中驱逐出去。
• The leaders have been ousted from power by nationalists.这些领导人被民族主义者赶下了台。

10 maneuver   

n.策略[pl.]演习；v.(巧妙)控制；用策略

参考例句：

• All the fighters landed safely on the airport after the military maneuver.在军事演习后，所有战斗机都安全降落在机场上。
• I did get her attention with this maneuver.我用这个策略确实引起了她的注意。

11 persecute   

vt.迫害，虐待；纠缠，骚扰

参考例句：

• They persecute those who do not conform to their ideas.他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。
• Hitler's undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation.希特勒对犹太人的露骨迫害行为遭到世界人民的谴责。

12 boycott   

n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与

参考例句：

• We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
• The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。

13 boycotting   

抵制，拒绝参加( boycott的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• They're boycotting the shop because the people there are on strike. 他们抵制那家商店，因为那里的店员在罢工。
• The main opposition parties are boycotting the elections. 主要反对党都抵制此次选举。

14 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

15 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

16 buck   

n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃

参考例句：

• The boy bent curiously to the skeleton of the buck.这个男孩好奇地弯下身去看鹿的骸骨。
• The female deer attracts the buck with high-pitched sounds.雌鹿以尖声吸引雄鹿。

17 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

18 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 outlast   

v.较…耐久

参考例句：

• The great use of life is to spend it doing something that will outlast it.人生的充分利用就是为争取比人生更长久的东西而度过一生。
• These naturally dried flowers will outlast a bouquet of fresh blooms.这些自然风干的花会比一束鲜花更加持久。