美国国家公共电台 NPR 美英加指责俄罗斯窃取疫苗成果

We still don't know which country or which company will be the first to develop a vaccine¹ for the coronavirus. We do know that such a vaccine will be extremely valuable. And today U.S., British and Canadian intelligence agencies all said that Russian hackers² are trying to steal information from Western health care organizations working on a vaccine. For more on this potential threat, we're joined now by NPR national security correspondent Greg Myre.

我们仍不知道哪个国家或公司率先研发出冠状病毒疫苗。但我们知道，这种疫苗一定极具价值。今天，美国、英国和加拿大的情报机构均表示，俄罗斯黑客正试图从研究疫苗的西方医疗机构窃取信息。NPR新闻的国家安全记者格雷格·迈尔将和我们连线，详细介绍这一潜在威胁。

Hey, Greg.

你好，格雷格。

GREG MYRE, BYLINE³: Hi, Ailsa.

格雷格·迈尔连线：你好，艾尔萨。

CHANG: Hi. So what do we know about these attempted Russian hacks⁴?

张：你好。我们对这些未遂的俄罗斯入侵事件有何了解？

MYRE: Well, we heard from the National Security Agency, along with their British and Canadian counterparts. They issued this coordinated⁵ statement — or statements, plural⁶. Now, they say they're seeing these persistent⁷ attempts by Russian hackers to break into a range of organizations working on a potential vaccine. So it is a bit unusual for them all to put out a statement. They clearly wanted to amplify⁸ their message by putting out this information simultaneously⁹ and noting the joint¹⁰ efforts that are underway to detect and mitigate¹¹ the threat.

迈尔：我们从美国国家安全局以及英国和加拿大的国家安全部门了解到了一些情况。他们发表了一份联合声明。他们称，他们发现俄罗斯黑客一再企图入侵多家疫苗研发机构。这些机构同时发表声明是非常不同寻常的事情。显然，他们想通过同时发表声明以及宣布开展联合行动检测和减轻威胁，来强化他们要传达的信息。

Western intelligence agencies say they're seeing these spear-phishing emails and attempts to insert malware. And as they examine these digital fingerprints¹², they believe these hackers are part of a Russian group that's formally known as APT29 or informally known as Cozy¹³ Bear.

西方情报机构表示，他们发现了这些定向钓鱼邮件以及插入恶意软件的尝试。对数字指纹进行检查后，他们认为这些黑客来自一个俄罗斯组织，该组织的正式名称为APT29，非正式名称为“舒适熊”。

CHANG: Cozy Bear — right. OK, Cozy Bear may sound familiar to some of our listeners. Remind us why we've heard of them before.

张：“舒适熊”。好，对我们的部分听众来说，“舒适熊”这个名字可能听上去很熟悉。请提醒一下我们为何以前听过这个名字。

MYRE: Well, they're linked to Russian intelligence, and they've been blamed for hacking¹⁴ into Democratic Party emails in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. They're part of one of several Russian intelligence agencies, and they're believed to be part of the Russian equivalent of the CIA.

迈尔：这个组织与俄罗斯情报部门有联系，他们被指责在2016年美国总统大选期间入侵民主党的电子邮件。该组织隶属于俄罗斯其中一家情报机构，被认为是俄罗斯类似于中央情报局的机构的一部分。

Now, in the U.S., the National Security Agency rarely comments on anything. But Anne Neuberger, who's NSA cybersecurity director, issued a statement saying that, quote, "APT29 has a long history of targeting governmental, diplomatic, think tank, health care and energy organizations." Russia pretty shortly afterward¹⁵ denied the accusation¹⁶, saying it had nothing to do with this, according to a spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin.

美国国家安全局很少发表评论。但国安局的网络安全主管安妮·纽伯格发表声明称，“长期以来，APT29组织一直在攻击政府、外交、智库、医疗和能源机构。”俄罗斯迅速否认了这一指控，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京的发言人表示，这与俄罗斯没有任何关系。

CHANG: OK. So do we know who was targeted by these hacks, I mean, and if any valuable information was stolen?

张：好。我们知道这些黑客攻击的目标吗？是否有重要信息被窃取？

MYRE: No, we don't at this point. The intelligence agencies didn't name any organization that's been targeted. The statements didn't say whether any of these alleged¹⁷ Russian efforts were successful or if they caused any real harm. And, of course, we should remember there is no vaccine yet, so there is no magic formula to steal right now.

迈尔：目前我们尚不清楚。情报机构未指出哪些组织遭遇了攻击。声明也没有提到俄罗斯的这些行动是否成功或是否造成了实质伤害。当然，我们应该记住的是，现在还没有疫苗研发成功，因此目前没有可以窃取的神奇配方。

CHANG: Right.

张：好。

MYRE: But that said, it's not too hard to figure out who the likely targets are. The U.S. government has provided money to some companies to work on a vaccine. The companies themselves have provided updates on their research and some preliminary results. And it appears that targets do go beyond just pharmaceutical¹⁸ companies. It can all be — also be university research labs or government health agencies.

迈尔：尽管如此，确定可能的目标并不太难。美国政府为一些公司提供资金，用于疫苗研发。这些公司会发布自已最新的研发成果和初步结果。目标似乎不仅仅是制药公司。可能还涉及大学研究实验室或政府卫生机构。

CHANG: I mean, there's clearly a fierce global competition to develop a vaccine. What might be the motives¹⁹ behind a hacking attempt like this, you think?

张：显然，疫苗研发领域存在激烈的全球竞争。这种黑客攻击背后的动机可能是什么？

MYRE: Well, really, several. First of all, this is what Russian intelligence agencies do. But this vaccine would be — will be extremely valuable financially. It'll be great prestige for the country that develops it first. And some are predicting that we're seeing, really, the first stages of vaccine nationalism. Perhaps most importantly at all — of all, the country that develops a vaccine can begin vaccinating²⁰ its own people first. They...

迈尔：动机有多个。首先，俄罗斯情报机构就是这样做的。疫苗在经济方面肯定极具价值。率先研发出疫苗的国家将享有巨大的声望。有些人预测，我们会看到疫苗民族主义的第一阶段。也许最重要的是，研发出疫苗的国家可以首先为本国公民接种疫苗。

CHANG: Right.

张：好。

MYRE: ...Won't have to wait in a long line for what could be a very long process.

迈尔：他们不必排长队等待这一可能的极为漫长的过程。

CHANG: That is NPR's Greg Myre.

张：以上是NPR新闻的格雷格·迈尔带来的报道。

Thank you, Greg.

谢谢你，格雷格。

MYRE: My pleasure.

迈尔：不客气。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 hacks   

黑客

参考例句：

• But there are hacks who take advantage of people like Teddy. 但有些无赖会占类似泰迪的人的便宜。 来自电影对白
• I want those two hacks back here, right now. 我要那两个雇工回到这儿，现在就回。 来自互联网

5 coordinated   

adj.协调的

参考例句：

• The sound has to be coordinated with the picture. 声音必须和画面协调一致。
• The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

6 plural   

n.复数；复数形式；adj.复数的

参考例句：

• Most plural nouns in English end in's '.英语的复数名词多以s结尾。
• Here you should use plural pronoun.这里你应该用复数代词。

7 persistent   

adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的

参考例句：

• Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
• She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤，使她很难为情。

8 amplify   

vt.放大，增强；详述，详加解说

参考例句：

• The new manager wants to amplify the company.新经理想要扩大公司。
• Please amplify your remarks by giving us some examples.请举例详述你的话。

9 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

10 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

11 mitigate   

vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和

参考例句：

• The government is trying to mitigate the effects of inflation.政府正试图缓和通货膨胀的影响。
• Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.政府应努力缓解贫困问题。

12 fingerprints   

n.指纹( fingerprint的名词复数 )v.指纹( fingerprint的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
• They wore gloves so as not to leave any fingerprints behind (them). 他们戴着手套，以免留下指纹。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 cozy   

adj.亲如手足的，密切的，暖和舒服的

参考例句：

• I like blankets because they are cozy.我喜欢毛毯，因为他们是舒适的。
• We spent a cozy evening chatting by the fire.我们在炉火旁聊天度过了一个舒适的晚上。

14 hacking   

n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动

参考例句：

• The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
• We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。

15 afterward   

adv.后来；以后

参考例句：

• Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏，然后吃饭。
• Afterward,the boy became a very famous artist.后来，这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。

16 accusation   

n.控告，指责，谴责

参考例句：

• I was furious at his making such an accusation.我对他的这种责备非常气愤。
• She knew that no one would believe her accusation.她知道没人会相信她的指控。

17 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

18 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

19 motives   

n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
• His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。

20 vaccinating   

给…接种疫苗( vaccinate的现在分词 )； 注射疫苗，接种疫苗

参考例句：

• At first blush, vaccinating the wolves against rabies seems a simple solution. 乍一看来，为狼群注射防狂犬病疫苗是一种简单的办法。
• Also vaccinating children against misers (measles) has saved many lives. 还有，给儿童进行疫苗接种防止麻疹也挽救了许多生命。