美国国家公共电台 NPR 泰国爆发大规模反政府抗议 要求改革君主制

There may be a showdown in Thailand this weekend between the military-backed government and student groups who want reforms. They want the dissolution of the Thai government. And with great risk, they are criticizing Thailand's monarchy¹. Michael Sullivan has the story.

本周末，泰国军方支持的政府与希望改革的学生团体可能会一决高下。学生团体希望解散泰国政府。他们冒着极大的风险批评泰国的君主政体。迈克尔·苏利文将带来详细报道。

(SOUNDBITE OF PROTEST)

（抗议现场录音）

UNIDENTIFIED PROTESTER #1: (Non-English language spoken).

身份不明的抗议者1：（用非英语语言讲话）。

UNIDENTIFIED PROTESTER #2: (Non-English language spoken).

身份不明的抗议者2：（用非英语语言讲话）。

UNIDENTIFIED PROTESTERS: (Non-English language spoken).

身份不明的抗议者：（用非英语语言讲话）。

MICHAEL SULLIVAN, BYLINE²: The nationwide protests have been building for weeks and reached a peak so far on Monday night, thousands turning out in Bangkok in one of the largest demonstrations⁴ since the 2014 coup⁵ that paved the way for this military-backed government to take office. But this time the protesters added a new twist — publicly calling out the Thai monarchy, the taboo⁶ third rail of Thai politics.

迈克尔·苏利文连线：泰国全国范围的抗议活动已经持续了数周，并于周一晚间达到了迄今为止的顶峰，数千人聚集在曼谷，参加自2014年政变以来规模最大的示威活动之一，那场政变为由军方支持的政府上台铺平了道路。但这次抗议者有了新的变化——他们公开批评泰国的禁忌和敏感问题——君主政体。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

ARNON NAMPHA: (Non-English language spoken).

阿尔农·南帕：（用非英语语言讲话）。

SULLIVAN: Activist-lawyer Arnon Nampha was the first of several speakers who questioned both the role of the military in Thai politics, the current king's wealth and the fact that he spends most of his time in Germany, not Thailand. Some in the crowd cheered. Many flashed the three-fingered sign of resistance from "The Hunger Games" movies. And when they were done, the student leaders offered a 10-point manifesto⁷ aimed respectfully at clipping the king's wings.

苏利文：维权律师阿尔农·南帕是数名发言者中首位对两个问题提出质疑的人，即军方在泰国政治中的作用以及现任国王的财富和他大部分时间都呆在德国而不是泰国这件事。人群中有人欢呼。许多人坚起三指，这是出自电影《饥饿游戏》的抵抗信号。当他们讲完话之后，学生领袖提出了一份包括10项内容的宣言，旨在恭敬地约束国王。

DAVID STRECKFUSS: What the lawyer said and what students said soon after was the first time in modern Thai history that the monarchy has been talked about publicly in a critical way.

大卫·施特雷克富斯：接下来，律师和学生在泰国现代史上首次公开指责君主政体。

SULLIVAN: David Streckfuss is an independent scholar living in Khon Kaen, Thailand. He's written a book about the lese-majeste laws in Thailand used against the monarchy's perceived critics, laws that carry prison terms of up to 15 years.

苏利文：大卫·施特雷克富斯是居住在泰国孔坎的独立学者。他曾写过一本有关泰国欺君法的书，该法律用来对付君主政体的批评者，若罪名成立，最高刑期可达15年。

STRECKFUSS: It's part of, I guess, an evolution of rethinking the monarchy that's been largely underground, online, in chat groups about the role of the monarchy within a more democratic Thailand.

施特雷克富斯：我认为，这是重新思考君主政体的改革的一部分，主要是在网上、聊天小组里秘密讨论君主政体在更加民主的泰国的作用。

SULLIVAN: That's not the Thailand that exists today.

苏利文：这不是如今的泰国。

MATT WHEELER: The symbiosis⁸ between the palace and the military has been at play in Thailand for many decades. And it's the military's ability to call upon the mantle⁹ of legitimacy¹⁰ that the palace can offer is what allows them to successfully stage coups¹¹ d'etat.

马特·惠勒：泰国王室与军方的共生关系已在泰国存在数十年。军方能够要求王室可以提供的合法职责，正是这种能力使他们可以成功地发动政变。

SULLIVAN: Matt Wheeler, a senior Southeast Asia analyst¹² for the International Crisis Group — he says the students realize that relationship is part of the problem, which is why they want to reform both institutions in order to move forward. Thitinan Pongsudhirak is a professor of political science at Bangkok's Chulalongkorn University.

苏利文：马特·惠勒是国际危机组织的东南亚高级分析师，他表示，学生意识到这种关系是问题的一部分，所以他们想对这两个机构进行改革，以向前迈进。蒂提南·蓬苏迪拉克是位于曼谷的朱拉隆功大学的政治学教授。

THITINAN PONGSUDHIRAK: They've seen ineffectual, incompetent¹³ military government followed by an elected coalition¹⁴ government still backed by the military leading Thailand to nowhere. Thailand's at a standstill. So these young people now, they want their future back, and they won't go away until they have it.

蒂提南·蓬苏迪拉克：他们先是看到了一个软弱无能的军事政府，之后又经历了依然由军方支持的民选联合政府，而这导致泰国无法发展。泰国陷入停滞状态。因此，现在这些年轻人想要回他们的未来，在未来掌握在自已手中之前，他们不会放弃。

SULLIVAN: But is the military in any position to compromise given its long-standing self-appointed role as defender¹⁵ of the monarchy? And would the king go along? Few analysts¹⁶ believe either will happen. Again, Matt Wheeler...

苏利文：但是，鉴于军方长期以来一直自封为君主政体的捍卫者，他们是否有妥协的立场？国王会同意吗？几乎没有分析人士认为，其中一种情况可能发生。下面再来听一下马特·惠勒的观点。

WHEELER: My suspicion and the reason I'm worried is that their sort of normal recourse is to employ greater repression¹⁷ in order to silence the voices that they don't want to hear.

惠勒：我感到怀疑和担心的原因是，为了压制他们不想听到的声音，他们通常会采取更强的镇压手段。

SULLIVAN: It's happened before — in 1973 and '76, in 1992 and in 2010, he says. Thitinan Pongsudhirak...

苏利文：他说，1973年、1976年、1992年和2010年都发生过这种情况。下面来听听蒂提南·蓬苏迪拉克的看法。

PONGSUDHIRAK: The role of the military itself, which draws its legitimacy from the monarchy, is very much at stake. And I think the military, if they think that this can be put down like previous protest movements, they may be mistaken. But yes, I think that we're headed for more tension and more turmoil¹⁸ before we see any kind of clarity.

蓬苏迪拉克：军方从君主政体中获得合法性，其本身的作用至关重要。在我看来，如果军方认为这次抗议能像以前一样被镇压，那他们就大错特错了。当然，在形势明朗之前，我们会经历更多紧张和动荡。

SULLIVAN: The student-led coalition is planning another large demonstration³ on Sunday.

苏利文：学生领导的联盟计划在周日再次举行大规模示威活动。

For NPR News, I'm Michael Sullivan, in Chiang Rai.

NPR新闻，迈克尔·苏利文清莱报道。

1 monarchy   

n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国

参考例句：

• The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
• The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

4 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

5 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

6 taboo   

n.禁忌，禁止接近，禁止使用；adj.禁忌的；v.禁忌，禁制，禁止

参考例句：

• The rude words are taboo in ordinary conversation.这些粗野的字眼在日常谈话中是禁忌的。
• Is there a taboo against sex before marriage in your society?在你们的社会里，婚前的性行为犯禁吗？

7 manifesto   

n.宣言，声明

参考例句：

• I was involved in the preparation of Labour's manifesto.我参与了工党宣言的起草工作。
• His manifesto promised measures to protect them.他在宣言里保证要为他们采取保护措施。

8 symbiosis   

n.共生（关系），共栖

参考例句：

• They live in a symbiosis with governments that they are financing.他们与他们服务的政府互利共存。
• The symbiosis between social values and political structure has produced extraordinary achievement.社会价值观念和政治结构的共生现象带来了非凡的成就。

9 mantle   

n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红

参考例句：

• The earth had donned her mantle of brightest green.大地披上了苍翠欲滴的绿色斗篷。
• The mountain was covered with a mantle of snow.山上覆盖着一层雪。

10 legitimacy   

n.合法，正当

参考例句：

• The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy.报纸直接质疑政府的合法性。
• Managing from the top down,we operate with full legitimacy.我们进行由上而下的管理有充分的合法性。

11 coups   

n.意外而成功的行动( coup的名词复数 )；政变；努力办到难办的事

参考例句：

• China has seen many political coups within the ruling class. 中国统治阶级内部发生过很多政变。 来自互联网
• Thailand has had eighteen coups or coup attendance since nineteen thirty-two. 泰国1932年以来有18次政变或参加政变。 来自互联网

12 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

13 incompetent   

adj.无能力的，不能胜任的

参考例句：

• He is utterly incompetent at his job.他完全不能胜任他的工作。
• He is incompetent at working with his hands.他动手能力不行。

14 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

15 defender   

n.保卫者，拥护者，辩护人

参考例句：

• He shouldered off a defender and shot at goal.他用肩膀挡开防守队员，然后射门。
• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。

16 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

17 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

18 turmoil   

n.骚乱，混乱，动乱

参考例句：

• His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。
• The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。