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莫斯科穆斯林和其他居民的宗教和移民之争

Moscow is now home to 2 million Muslims - more than any other city in Europe.

莫斯科现在有大约200万穆斯林人口，比任何欧洲城市都多。

So when the faithful gathered Tuesday for the start of the Eid al-Adha holiday, tens of thousands of men unrolled their prayer mats on the asphalt of Moscow’s streets. Last year, they prayed outside in rain and snow.

星期二是宰牲节的开始，成千上万的信徒在莫斯科的沥青大街上打开他们的祈祷垫。去年，他们是在户外雨雪交加中进行祈祷的。

Looming¹ overhead were the new minarets² of the Moscow Cathedral Mosque³, a century-old mosque that is now being expanded. It is one of only four mosques⁴ in all of Moscow.

新的莫斯科清真寺正在扩建中。这不过是莫斯科4座清真寺之一。

“Certainly mosques are needed. Mosques are needed in each micro-district,” said Abdul Bari Sultanov, a Russian Muslim from Tatarstan, a historically Muslim region, after prayers Tuesday. “As well as madrassas, schools, imams so that people would be morally prepared for meeting their God.”

阿卜杜尔·苏尔坦诺夫是俄罗斯穆斯林，他来自穆斯林传统聚居地鞑靼斯坦。俄罗斯穆斯林宗教领袖阿卜杜尔·苏尔丹诺夫说： “我们肯定需要更多的清真寺，莫斯科的每个小区都需要，还需要学校和阿訇，让人们做好和上帝见面的精神准备。”

The Russian Orthodox Church is building 200 new churches around Moscow. In contrast, new mosque projects never win building permits.

俄罗斯东正教正在莫斯科建造200座新教堂，新清真寺从来争取不到建筑许可证。

Russian Muslim activist⁵ Geydar Dzhemal claims that the Kremlin blocks new mosques in Russia’s capital.

俄罗斯穆斯林权益人士盖达尔·德迈尔指责克里姆林宫阻止在俄罗斯建筑新的清真寺。

“They understand the politics of suppression -- direct suppression,” said Dzhemal, who has criticized Moscow’s policy on Islam since the Soviet⁶ days.  “And they don't understand that this will create problems for themselves much worse then those they are trying to understand now.”

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin has vowed⁷ that no new mosques will be built in Moscow. He claims that the Muslims praying in streets on holidays are largely Central Asians, guest workers who will eventually go home.

莫斯科市长谢尔盖·索比亚宁发誓，不让莫斯科建造新清真寺。他说，节日期间在大街上祈祷的穆斯林，大部分是来自中亚的临时工，他们最终是要回家的。

“It has turned out that the praying Muslims are not at all Russian citizens and they are not Moscow residents,” Sobyanin recently told Ekho Moskvi. “They are labor⁸ migrants. There are only 10 percent of Moscow residents among them and building mosques for everyone who wants it - I think this will be over the top,” continued the mayor.

索比亚宁最近在莫斯科回声电台发表讲话时说，“莫斯科居民中只有10%的穆斯林，谁想建清真寺就建清真寺，太过分了。”

“Muscovites now get irritated by people who speak a different language, have different manners, with aggressive behavior,” he added.

Sobyanin, a Kremlin ally, won last month’s mayoral elections. He seems to know what voters are thinking. On Sunday, Slavic residents in a working class Moscow neighborhood rioted against Central Asians and Caucasians. “Russia Forward! Russia Forward!” they chanted.

克里姆林宫的盟友索比亚宁在上个月的市长竞选中获胜，他似乎了解选民的想法。星期天，莫斯科一个劳工社区的斯拉夫居民跟中亚和高加索居民发生打斗。

The spark that set off the incident was the stabbing death last week of a young Slavic Russian man. An immigrant from Azerbaijan was arrested in the case on Tuesday.

Analysts⁹ called the anti-immigrant riot a modern day pogrom. While police released most of the rioters, they detained 2,000 migrant workers for identity checks. Politicians called for banning apartment sales to foreigners and for imposing¹⁰ visa restrictions¹¹ on migrants from the southern Muslim nations that only a generation ago were part of the Soviet Union.

After the collapse¹² of the Soviet Union, Isolda Kukushkina moved to Moscow from Ukraine, a nation often seen as Russia’s cultural and religious cradle. On Tuesday, near the Moscow Cathedral, she looked at the rivers of Muslim men who flowed past her Orthodox Church, dedicated¹³ to St. Philip and worried about Moscow’s future.

伊索尔达·库库什基纳在苏联解体后，从乌克兰移民到莫斯科。星期二，她看着穆斯林信徒的一股股人流从东正教堂前经过，她为莫斯科的未来担忧。

“It will be Muslim, I am afraid,” she said. “Believe me I like them, but Moscow must be Slavic. It should be somehow balanced. But this influx¹⁴ of immigrants influences our life in a bad way,” said Kukushkina.

莫斯科居民伊索尔达·库库什基纳说：“我担心莫斯科会成为穆斯林城市，相信我，我喜欢他们，但是莫斯科必须是斯拉夫人的，至少应该平衡，可是民工潮对我们的生活产生了坏的影响。”

For now, Moscow’s future is playing out on the streets, defined by prayers - and pogroms.

目前，祈祷者和反移民人士似乎在大街上争夺莫斯科的未来。