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叙利亚爆发小儿麻痹症

An outbreak of polio among children in Syria has the potential to spread rapidly, doctors are warning.  It is Syria’s first polio outbreak in 14 years - and aid agencies have begun emergency vaccination¹ programs.

处于战乱中的叙利亚爆发小儿麻痹症，医生警告说疫情可能迅速蔓延。这是叙利亚14年来首次爆发这一疫症。援助机构已经开始实施紧急疫苗接种计划。

The province of Deir al-Zour in eastern Syria has seen heavy fighting in recent weeks between government and rebel forces.

叙利亚东部的代尔祖尔地区，政府军和反对派之间的激烈战斗已经持续了几个星期。

Now there is a new emergency. Polio has been detected among several children in the area.

现在，这里又出现了新的紧急情况，该地区多个儿童已经被诊断出小儿麻痹症。

Oliver Rosenbauer is from the Polio Eradication² Program at the World Health Organization.

从世界卫生组织小儿麻痹症根除计划的奥利弗卢森宝亚说：

“A lot is still unknown and investigations³ are still ongoing⁴. They all appear to be very young so less than age 2 and they all appear to be under or unimmunized," said Rosenbauer.

Before the outbreak of conflict in Syria, the United Nations says 95 percent of children were immunized against the disease. Now there are an estimated half a million children who have not been vaccinated⁵.

“叙利亚内战开始前，联合国说95%的儿童都接受了小儿麻痹症的预防接种。但现在叙利亚目前有50万儿童没有获得免疫注射。”

The World Health Organization, alongside the Syrian Ministry⁶ of Health, has begun a vaccination program targeting 2.4 million children.

世界卫生组织与叙利亚卫生部已经开始实施针对2.4万名儿童的疫苗接种计划。

Elias Durry, the WHO’s emergency coordinator⁷ for polio eradication in Pakistan, says there is a danger that the outbreak could spread rapidly.

世界卫生组织驻巴基斯坦的紧急协调员伊莱亚斯德鲁利说，这一疫情的爆发有快速传播的危险。

“When a virus gets introduced to a country that has not had a lot of immunization in some years, you see really a major outbreak where hundreds of children are getting paralyzed from something that could have been prevented," said Durry.

伊莱亚斯德鲁利说：“当一个病毒被引入到一个很多年没有实施免疫措施的国家，你会真正看到一个大爆发，导致数百名儿童瘫痪，尽管这本来是可以避免的。”

Polio flourishes in unsanitary conditions and can cause paralysis⁸ and death. It is highly contagious⁹ and children are especially vulnerable.

小儿麻痹症在不卫生的条件下会很活跃，并可能导致瘫痪和死亡。它具有高度的传染性，而儿童尤其脆弱，最容易感染。

Nine-hundred days of conflict has taken a big toll¹⁰ on Syria’s public health system, says Andrej Mahecic of the U.N. refugee agency.

九百天的冲突让叙利亚的公共卫生体系付出了很大的代价。

“It is estimated that about half the medical facilities have been affected¹¹ by the conflict in some way. More than 1,500 doctors have left the country. Certainly a lot more medical staff has also left the country as the crisis continued to unfold. So this certainly has an impact on the conditions inside Syria.”

联合国高级难民委员会的安德烈马哈基克说：“据估计，大约一半的医疗设施在某种程度上都受到了冲突的影响，超过1500名医生已经离开了这个国家。随着危机的日益恶化，肯定会有更多的医务人员离开这里。而这对叙利亚的状况肯定会有负面影响。”

The war has forced millions of people from their homes - and refugees are on the move both within Syria and over its borders.  Again, Andrej Mahecic:

战争已经迫使数以百万计的人离开他们的家园，在叙利亚境内和境外都有难民在移动。

“Mass vaccinations¹² have been taking place among the refugee population in the neighboring countries. Some of the children have been systematically¹³ vaccinated already on the border, but clearly more needs to be done, and new vaccinations are being planned in the weeks and months to come," he said.

联合国高级难民委员会安德烈马哈基克说：“大规模的疫苗接种已在邻国的难民人群中实施。有些孩子已经在边境上系统地接种了疫苗，但显然这还不够，新的疫苗接种计划将在今后几周或几个月内进行。”

The U.N. this week chartered a plane to fly vaccines¹⁴ and emergency food aid into Beirut - from where it is being trucked into Syria. Aid agencies say the fighting makes access to vulnerable populations extremely difficult.

联合国本周特派了一架飞机将疫苗和紧急粮食援助送到贝鲁特，并从那里用卡车运到叙利亚。援助机构说，战争使接触弱势群体变得极为困难。