新闻周刊:名人访谈:如何让美国变得强大(5)

BY RUSSELL MOORE

拉塞尔·摩尔

The fear that seems to toxify our cultural ecosystem¹ right now seems to be less about danger from an external threat and more about the terror of being “exiled” from one’s own “tribe.” That’s the reason people are retreating into their ideological² silos. No one wants to be accused of talking to “the enemy,” whether that’s on social media or in the highest levels of government around the world.

现在，似乎毒害我们文化生态系统的恐惧似乎不是来自外部威胁的危险，而是来自被自己“部落”“流放”的恐惧。这就是人们退回意识形态孤岛的原因。没有人愿意被指责与“敌人”对话，无论是在社交媒体上，还是在世界各地的政府最高层。

Courage is grounded, in my view, in a sense of confidence and of personal identity that transcends³ what we see around us in this toxic⁴ time. That sense of identity is what propelled the Apostle Paul to overcome fear of everything from mob violence to execution by the authorities as he carried the gospel around the known world of the time. “For am I now seeking the approval of man, or of God?” he wrote. “If I were still trying to please man, I would not be a servant of Christ” (Galatians 1:10).

在我看来，勇气是建立在一种自信和个人认同感的基础上的，这种自信和个人认同感超越了我们在这个有毒的时代所看到的一切。正是这种认同感促使使徒保罗在传播福音的过程中克服了对一切事物（包括群众暴动、政府处决）的恐惧。“我现在是在寻求人的喜悦呢，还是在寻求神的喜悦呢？”他写道。“我若仍要讨人喜欢，就不是基督的仆人了”（ 加拉太书1:10）。

We see the example constantly, whether in the Bible or in world history: The way to overcoming fear is for men and women of conviction to take a longer-term view than the present moment. Roger Williams (the Puritan theologian who founded Rhode Island) must walk out into the wilderness⁵ alone, for the sake of future communities living in freedom. A sense of loneliness now is often the key to flourishing community later.

无论是在圣经中，还是在世界历史上，我们经常看到这样的例子：有信念的男男女女克服恐惧的方法是，要以比现在更长远的眼光看待问题。罗杰威廉姆斯（创建罗德岛的清教徒神学家）必须独自走出荒野，为了未来生活在自由中的社区。现在的孤独感往往是日后社区繁荣的关键。

BY BEN SHAPIRO

本·夏皮罗

The divisions we see in America—that seething⁶ partisan⁷ hatred⁸ we’ve come to expect in our politics—didn’t emerge from nowhere. It began during the Obama administration; President Donald Trump’s election was merely a symptom of those divisions. There’s no question that Trump’s overheated rhetoric⁹ and trollish nature have exacerbated¹⁰ pre-existing divisions. But we need to understand that those divisions run far deeper: He could disappear tomorrow, and the social fabric¹¹ will remain torn.

我们在美国看到的分歧——我们在政治中已经预料到的党派仇恨——并不是凭空产生的。它始于奥巴马政府时期；美国总统唐纳德?特朗普当选只是这些分歧的一个症状。毫无疑问，特朗普的过激言辞挑衅本质加剧了此前存在的分歧。但我们需要明白，这些分歧远不止于此：他可能明天就会消失，但社会结构仍将四分五裂。

There’s been a lot of talk recently about the necessity of getting outside our social bubbles and dealing¹² with each other in person, on a human level. But social connections can only be effective when supported by a common moral framework. Harvard sociologist¹³ Robert Putnam points out that diversity in communities doesn’t tend to build social fabric unless there are common values; he gives the examples of churches and the military. But even our most basic values are now divided. Free speech? Many on the intersectional¹⁴ left believe that it is a reimposition of an unjust hierarchy¹⁵. A commitment to limited government? Half the country, at least, wants a far larger government. Even the belief that we live in a free country in which you are capable of changing your life is a controversial proposition these days.

最近有很多人在谈论走出社会泡沫，在人类层面上与他人面对面交流的必要性。但是，只有在共同的道德框架的支持下，社会关系才能生效。哈佛大学社会学家罗伯特·帕特南指出，除非存在共同的价值观，否则社区的多样性往往无法构建社会结构；他举了教会和军队的例子。但即使是我们最基本的价值观现在也有分歧。言论自由？许多左翼人士认为，这是对不公平等级制度的重新定位。对有限政府的承诺？至少有一半的美国人想要一个大得多的政府。甚至“我们生活在一个自由的国家，有能力改变生活”的信念如今变成了有争议的命题。

In 2013, President Barack Obama stated in his second inaugural¹⁶ that “being true to our founding documents does not require us to agree on every contour of life. It does not mean we all define liberty in exactly the same way or follow the same precise path to happiness.” That may be true on the margins¹⁷, but we must agree on what liberty constitutes if we hope to be united under its banner.

2013年，美国总统巴拉克?奥巴马在第二次就职演说中表示，“忠实于我们的建国文件，并不要求我们对生活的每个方面都达成一致。这并不意味着我们都以完全相同的方式定义自由，或遵循同样的幸福之路。”这也许在一定程度上是正确的，但如果我们希望在自由的旗帜下团结起来，我们必须就自由的构成达成一致。

1 ecosystem   

n.生态系统

参考例句：

• This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
• We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。

2 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

3 transcends   

超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的第三人称单数 )； 优于或胜过…

参考例句：

• The chemical dilution technique transcends most of the difficulties. 化学稀释法能克服大部分困难。
• The genius of Shakespeare transcends that of all other English poets. 莎士比亚的才华胜过所有的其他英国诗人。

4 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

5 wilderness   

n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠

参考例句：

• She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

6 seething   

沸腾的，火热的

参考例句：

• The stadium was a seething cauldron of emotion. 体育场内群情沸腾。
• The meeting hall was seething at once. 会场上顿时沸腾起来了。

7 partisan   

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

• In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。
• The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

8 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

9 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

10 exacerbated   

v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. 这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
• The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain. 他们给她吃的药只是加重了她的痛楚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 fabric   

n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织

参考例句：

• The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。
• I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。

12 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

13 sociologist   

n.研究社会学的人，社会学家

参考例句：

• His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。
• Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。

14 intersectional   

adj.交叉（点）的，区际的

参考例句：

• Psychology as an intersectional science is affected by the time spirit apparently. 作为交叉学科的心理学，受时代精神或者社会思潮的影响是很明显的。 来自互联网

15 hierarchy   

n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层

参考例句：

• There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。
• She's high up in the management hierarchy.她在管理阶层中地位很高。

16 inaugural   

adj.就职的；n.就职典礼

参考例句：

• We listened to the President's inaugural speech on the radio yesterday.昨天我们通过无线电听了总统的就职演说。
• Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说。

17 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。