新闻周刊:特朗普是如何打出(白人)种族牌并重塑民主党的(5)

The impact of all of this on party identification was striking: In 2007, whites were split, with 44 percent calling themselves Democrats² and 44 percent calling themselves Republican, according to the Pew Research Center. But by 2016, the gap had widened to 15 points, with 54 percent identifying as Republican.

所有这些对政党认同的影响是惊人的：根据皮尤研究中心的数据，2007年，白人中出现了分裂，44%的人称自己是民主党人，44%的人称自己是共和党人。但到2016年，这一差距扩大到15个百分点，54%的人称自己是共和党人。

Trump³, with his pledge to “make America great again,” activated⁴ the equivalent of a political sleeper⁵ cell. Two-thirds of whites without a college education backed the Republican nominee⁶, the largest margin⁷ in a presidential election since 1980, although without support from white wealthy Republicans he likely would not have won the election. Not surprisingly, the data finds a strong correlation⁸ between “white identity” and support for the candidate in the red MAGA hat. A recent study of whites who had voted for Barack Obama but switched to Trump found high levels of racial -hostility and xenophobia; researchers said Democrats’ focus during the -intervening years on undocumented immigrants and police violence against African-Americans had the effect of “changing perceptions of where many whites feel they belong.”

特朗普承诺“让美国再次伟大起来”，相当于激活了一个政治休眠细胞。三分之二没有大学学历的白人支持这位共和党总统候选人，这是自1980年以来在总统选举中获得的最大优势。不过，如果没有富有的白人共和党人的支持，他很可能不会赢得选举。毫不奇怪，数据发现，“白人身份”与支持戴红色“让美国再次伟大”帽子的候选人之间存在很强的相关性。最近一项针对曾投票给巴拉克?奥巴马但转而支持特朗普的白人的研究发现，他们的种族敌意和仇外情绪很高；研究人员说，民主党人在这期间对非法移民和警察对非洲裔美国人的暴力行为的关注，“改变了许多白人对他们所属地区的看法”。

“Whiteness is not invisible now. That is why we are talking about it in ways we didn’t for a long time in American history,” Jardina says. “Think about the world between the civil rights movement and election of Obama and the way we talked about race. We didn’t talk about white people because their dominance and privilege was secure.”

“白人主义现在并不是看不到。这就是为什么我们用美国历史上很长一段时间没有的方式来谈论它，”贾丁说道。“想想民权运动和奥巴马当选之间的世界以及我们谈论种族的方式。我们不谈论白人，因为他们的统治地位和特权是安全的。”

Emboldened⁹ by Trump’s success, GOP candidates staked new outer limits in racial and ethnic¹⁰ messaging in the midterms. Among them: In -Indiana, Republican Senate candidate Mike Braun dubbed¹¹ the incumbent¹² Democrat¹ “Mexico Joe” Donnelly and won. In Tennessee, Republican Marsha Blackburn won after claiming her opponent “lured illegal immigrants” to the state. In the Florida governor’s race, Republican nominee Ron DeSantis implored¹³ voters not to “monkey this up” by electing Andrew Gillum, who would have been the state’s first black chief executive.

受特朗普的成功鼓舞，共和党候选人在中期选举中在种族和民族信息方面设置了新的外部限制。其中包括：在印第安纳州，共和党参议员候选人迈克·布劳恩称现任民主党人“墨西哥乔”·唐纳利获胜。在田纳西州，共和党人玛莎·布莱克本声称她的对手“引诱非法移民”来到田纳西州，从而赢得了选举。在佛罗里达州州长竞选中，共和党候选人罗恩·德桑提斯恳求选民不要把事情搞砸，选举安德鲁·吉勒姆为总统候选人。吉勒姆本可以成为佛罗里达州首位黑人行政长官。

Trump’s own campaign closed the election with an anti--immigration spot considered so racist¹⁴ that even Fox News took it down. “You know what I am? I’m a nationalist, OK? I’m a -nationalist,” the president told a boisterous¹⁵ crowd at a rally in Texas. “Nationalist! Use that word! Use that word!” Trump did not use (or left out) the word white.

特朗普自己的竞选团队以一个反移民广告结束了选举，该广告被认为是如此种族主义，以至于福克斯新闻也把它撤了下来。“你知道我是谁吗？我是个民族主义者，好吗？我是一个民族主义者，” 总统在德克萨斯州的一次集会上对喧闹的人群说。“民族主义！使用这个词！使用这个词！” 特朗普没有使用（或省略）白色这个词。

Democrats, however, fought back. The party nominated a rec-ord 180 female candidates in House primaries and 133 people of color. For the first time, white men were a minority in the Democrats’ candidate pool. The Democrats primarily ran on health care, education and jobs—as well as Trump resistance—not so much on -immigration, even as Republicans stoked fears of the “caravan.” The result: Republicans lost 40 seats and their majority in the House. Nearly half of those districts had voted for Trump over Clinton in 2016. Notably¹⁶, eight were located in the industrial Midwest, the so-called blue wall that fell to the GOP ticket two years ago. Perhaps even more important, Democrats won statewide contests for governor in Michigan and Wisconsin, as well as the Senate in Ohio, in part by cutting in half Republicans’ advantage among white men without a college education.

然而，民主党人进行了反击。该党在众议院初选中提名了180名女性候选人和133名有色人种。白人男性首次成为民主党候选人中的少数。民主党主要在医疗、教育、就业以及特朗普的抵制上做文章，而不是在移民问题上做文章，尽管共和党人对“大篷车”的担忧有所加剧。结果：共和党失去了40个席位，失去了在众议院的多数席位。2016年，近一半的选区投票给了特朗普，而不是希拉里。值得注意的是，其中8个州位于中西部工业地区，也就是两年前落入共和党阵营的所谓“蓝墙”。或许更重要的是，民主党人在密歇根州、威斯康星州以及俄亥俄州的参议员竞选中赢得了全州范围的胜利，部分原因是共和党人在没有受过大学教育的白人男性中的优势减少了一半。

1 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

2 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

4 activated   

adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。

5 sleeper   

n.睡眠者，卧车，卧铺

参考例句：

• I usually go up to London on the sleeper. 我一般都乘卧车去伦敦。
• But first he explained that he was a very heavy sleeper. 但首先他解释说自己睡觉很沉。

6 nominee   

n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者

参考例句：

• His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
• Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。

7 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

8 correlation   

n.相互关系，相关，关连

参考例句：

• The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
• A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。

9 emboldened   

v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her. 他借酒壮胆，走上前去向她作自我介绍。
• His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

11 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

13 implored   

恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She implored him to stay. 她恳求他留下。
• She implored him with tears in her eyes to forgive her. 她含泪哀求他原谅她。

14 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

15 boisterous   

adj.喧闹的，欢闹的

参考例句：

• I don't condescend to boisterous displays of it.我并不屈就于它热热闹闹的外表。
• The children tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play.孩子们经常是先静静地聚集在一起，不一会就开始吵吵嚷嚷戏耍开了。

16 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。