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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
第五讲：推理判断题
命题规律
综合性推论和判断试题常会围绕文章出题。
要求将篇首、篇尾、段落中主题句，概括归纳并从中推断出全文主题。
合性推论和判断题还可围绕文章若干段落进行，要求推论和判断出段落间的关系。
支持主题思想的细节部分常被考。
这些细节部分表现形式多样，可以是列举、例证、实验人物论断等，要求考生对这部分内容进行判断推理。
文章或段落开头处，尤其是文章结尾总结处常考
语义转折处常考
答题技巧
1、如果是对某段内容进行推断，那么只需看题干要求的段落即可。
■例题
CET4 1996年6月第1篇
Exchange a glance with someone，then look away．Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer，and you have made a different statement．Hold it for 3 seconds，and the meaning has changed again．
Q:It can be inferred from the first paragraph that____.
[A]every glance has its significance
[B]staring at a person is an expression of interest
[C]a gaze longer than 3second is unacceptable
[D]a glance conveys more meaning than words
正确答案是 [A]
根据题干要求，我们只在第一段中寻找答案。从上述所引片段可推断出一瞥意义各不相同，这与[A)项意义吻合。
2、选项措词过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项。
■例题
I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years.I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time,and she remembers that when she first joined the community,there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus.Now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.
Q:It can be inferred form the Passage that____.
[A]meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
[B]American political circles will not accept diversity
[C]it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S media
[D]minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
正确答案是 [A]
文中通过一位美国黑人教授之口，传达出多样性的好处的信息，因此可以推断出是多样化使不拘一格使用人才成为可能，与A)项意义吻合。若单从选项本身判断， B)和C)句意过于绝对，因此排除，这样使判断范围缩小，有利于选择答案。
3、 合乎常理，意义深刻，或符合一般常识的选项一般是答案项，而照抄原文或对文中作字面解释的则不是答案。
■例题
CET4 1998年1月第2篇
For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper：what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day's paper, his own' s“…白痴广告…”tion and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspaper efficiently1, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
Q:It can be concluded from the passage that the newspaper readers____.
[A]apply reading techniques skillfully
[B]jump from one newspaper to another
[C]appreciate the variety of newspaper
[D]usually read a newspaper's“…白痴广告…”tively
正确答案是 [D]
比较四个选项发现[A)项似乎照抄原文，意思肤浅，而[D]项则符合人们看报时的普遍经验。因此将选项与常识联系后，很快就会找到正确答案。
4、 弄清主题意思。在处理与全文主旨有关的题时，或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时，一定要放慢速度将各段，尤其是全文首尾句意读懂，再快速阅读其他部分。
5、逻辑推理题干扰项特点：(1)在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出观点(2)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头，概括过度。
课后作业
1. You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties.Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse2 or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.
Q:In the last paragraph,the author tells us that___.
[A]difficulties are but part of everyone’s life
[B]depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
[C]everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
[D]good feelings can contribute to eventual3 academic excellence4
2. I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.
Q:It can be inferred form the passage that____.
[A]meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
[B]American political circles will not accept diversity
[C]it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U．S．media
[D]minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
3. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference.If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers5.Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity6(多样性).For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling7, drugs, etc.Large?city urbanites are also more likely than their small?town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan8 （见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so?called undesirables9. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
Q:It can be inferred from the Passage that the bigger a community is_____.
[A]the better its quality of life
[B]the more similar its interests
[C]the more tolerant and open minded it is
[D]the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
答案
1.答案为[A]。根据题干要求，我们只用在最后一段寻找答案。根据文章末段第四、五两句可知A）正确。
2.答案是[A]。文中通过一位美国黑人教授之口，传达出多样性的好处的信息，因此可以推断出是多样化使不拘 一格使用人才成为可能，与[A)项意义吻合。若单从选项本身判断，[B]和[C]语义过于绝对，因此排除，这样使判断范围缩小，有利于选择答案。
3.答案是[C]。比较四个选项，城市越大，生活质量并不一定越好，兴趣并不一定更相似，并不一定更能显示心理压力，所以[A]、[B]、[D]项均可排除。而[C]项则合乎常理。因此将选项与常识联系后，很快就会找到正确答案。
收听单词发音 |
1
efficiently
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| adv.高效率地，有能力地 | |
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2
collapse
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| vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷 | |
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3
eventual
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| adj.最后的，结局的，最终的 | |
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4
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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5
makers
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| n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式） | |
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6
heterogeneity
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| n.异质性；多相性 | |
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7
gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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8
cosmopolitan
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| adj.世界性的，全世界的，四海为家的，全球的 | |
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9
undesirables
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| 不受欢迎的人，不良分子( undesirable的名词复数 ) | |
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