读者文摘:最新医学新闻(1)

A single concussion¹ raises dementia risk.

一次脑震荡就会增加患痴呆的风险。

A study of more than 2.5 million people found that having just one concussion increased the risk of developing dementia by 17 percent compared with those with no concussions².

一项超过250万人参与的研究发现，与没有经历脑震荡的人相比，经历一次脑震荡的人患痴呆症的风险增加了17%，

The more concussions you've had, the greater the risk. If you've had a concussion, though, don't panic: Your absolute chance of getting dementia remains³ quite low.

经历脑震荡次数越多，患病风险越大。不过，如果你经历了一次脑震荡也不要慌：你患痴呆症的绝对几率还是很低。

That said, you might want to manage the other known risk factors, which include alcohol abuse and hypertension, and take precautions against getting hurt again.

话虽如此，你可能还得控制其他的风险因素，包括酗酒，高血压，还有采取措施防止再次受伤。

When Chemo Isn't Worth It Against Breast Cancer.

化疗治疗乳腺癌不再有必要？

A new study found that about 70 percent of women with the most common type of early-stage breast cancer likely do not need chemotherapy after surgery.

一项新的研究发现，约70%的患最常见类型的早期乳腺癌女性可能术后不需要化疗。

A gene-expression test examined the tumors of more than 10,000 women with hormone⁴ receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer that had not spread to lymph nodes.

一项基因表达测试检测了一万多名激素受体阳性、人表皮生长因子受体-2阴性、未扩散到淋巴结的乳腺癌患者的肿瘤。

The test assigned each woman a "recurrence⁵ score" from 0 to 100; the higher the score, the greater the chance the cancer would return.

该测试给每位女性的“复发评分”为从0分到100分；得分越高，癌症复发的几率就越大。

Among the women who scored between 11 and 25, those who received hormone therapy (the most common treatment) had almost identical survival and recurrence rates as those who also got chemo.

在11岁至25岁的女性中，接受激素治疗(最常见的治疗)的存活率和复发率几乎与接受化疗的女性相同。

The one exception: Women age 50 or younger with a score of 16 to 25 did benefit from chemo.

有一个例外：年龄在50岁或50岁以下、得分在16到25之间的女性确实受益于化疗。

Flu Vaccine⁶ Could Save Your Life if You Have Heart Failure.

如果你有心脏衰竭，流感疫苗可以挽救你的生命。

Need another reason to get your flu shot? According to an analysis of data from more than 78,000 patients with heart failure,

需要另外一个理由来注射流感疫苗吗？根据一份超过78000名心衰患者的数据分析，

getting a seasonal⁷ influenza⁸ vaccine was associated with a 50 percent drop in the risk of death (from any cause) during flu season and a 20 percent drop in the risk of death during the rest of the year.

在流感季，注射季节性流感疫苗可使死亡（任何死因）风险下降50%，在全年其他时候，死亡风险则会下降20%。

According to the study's lead author, it is well-known that heart failure patients have an elevated risk of flu-related death, so it makes sense that vaccination⁹ can help.

据这项研究的主要实施者称，众所周知，心力衰竭患者的与流感相关的死亡风险较高，因此接种疫苗是有帮助的。

Getting vaccinated¹⁰ was also linked to a 22 percent reduction in the risk of being hospitalized with cardiac problems.

接种疫苗还可使因心脏问题住院的风险降低22%。

1 concussion   

n.脑震荡；震动

参考例句：

• He was carried off the field with slight concussion.他因轻微脑震荡给抬离了现场。
• She suffers from brain concussion.她得了脑震荡。

2 concussions   

n.震荡( concussion的名词复数 )；脑震荡；冲击；震动

参考例句：

• People who have concussions often trouble thinking or remembering. 患脑震荡的人通常存在思考和记忆障碍。 来自互联网
• Concussions also make a person feel very tired or angry. 脑震荡也会使人感觉疲倦或愤怒。 来自互联网

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

5 recurrence   

n.复发，反复，重现

参考例句：

• More care in the future will prevent recurrence of the mistake.将来的小心可防止错误的重现。
• He was aware of the possibility of a recurrence of his illness.他知道他的病有可能复发。

6 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

7 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

8 influenza   

n.流行性感冒，流感

参考例句：

• They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
• Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。

9 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

10 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？