新闻周刊:非洲基因对癌症研究很重要(6)

Collaborators, though, aren't always so ready to relinquish¹ their position as the superior partner.

然而，合作者并不总是愿意放弃他们作为高级合作伙伴的地位。

De Vries, who chaired the H3Africa working group on ethics² for several years, heard some international scientists argue that sub-Saharan Africa wasn't equipped to do sophisticated genetic³ research on its own.

德·弗里斯在担任“非洲H3”伦理工作小组主席的几年里，一些国际科学家认为，撒哈拉以南的非洲没有能力独自进行复杂的基因研究。

This perspective may have some truth to it, but it also maintains the status quo.

这种观点可能有些道理，但也说明了现状。

"People and institutions that are powerful benefit from the perpetuation⁴ of that narrative⁵," she says."Those people are not interested in the substantive⁶ development of African research capacity."

她说，“从其中大获利益的人和机构，对非洲研究能力的实质性发展不感兴趣。”

Rotimi is trying to change that narrative.

罗蒂米正试图改变这种说法。

He wants to give African scientists the capability⁷ to stand on their own.

他希望给予非洲科学家独立自主的能力。

A central tenet of H3Africa is to build the infrastructure⁸ necessary to support research that is just as worthy⁹ of the world’s attention as that coming out of the best universities in Europe and North America.

“非洲H3”的中心宗旨是建立必要的基础设施，以支持与欧洲、北美最好的大学一样值得全世界关注的研究。

Toward that end, lead investigators¹⁰ on any H3Africa project must be African, and ideally the collaborators as well.

为此，任何“非洲H3”项目的首席研究员都必须是非洲人，最好是合作者。

That requirement is building a new world of research capabilities¹¹ across the continent, such as powerful computers to do bioinformatics research in Sudan;

这一要求是在整个非洲大陆建立一个新的研究能力世界，例如在苏丹建立生物信息学研究的强大计算机；

a repository in Uganda for storing DNA¹² and generating a huge amount of data on the SNPs that protect against sleeping sickness;

在乌干达建储存DNA和产生大量可以防止昏睡病SNP数据的资料库；

and equipment for fieldwork-documented hereditary¹³ neurological disorders¹⁴ in Mali, along with a laboratory to identify genetic mutations that increase risk and training for physicians there to educate Malians about genetics and disease.

以及在马里设立有现场记录的遗传神经障碍设备，以及实验室，用来识别增加风险的基因突变，并培训那里的医生，让他们对马里人进行遗传学和疾病方面的教育。

When the grants end, the new capacity remains¹⁵ for future scientists,

当资助结束时，未来科学家的新能力仍然存在，

"so that everybody doesn't end up like Charles Rotimi,"he says,"who wanted to stay in Nigeria but couldn't."

“这样每个人都不会像查尔斯·罗蒂米那样，”他说，“想留在尼日利亚却又无能为力。”

These breakthroughs don't ameliorate all the ethical¹⁶ conundrums¹⁷, though;

然而，这些突破并没有改善所有伦理难题；

fears of helicopter science persist.

对直升机科学的恐惧依然存在。

H3Africa encourages collaboration¹⁸ among countries within Africa, but those with less advanced research capacity hesitate to assist more polished countries.

“非洲H3”鼓励非洲国家之间的合作，但是那些不太先进的研究能力的国家不愿意协助更完善的国家。

In Ghana, some scientists at poorer institutions resent those at wealthier ones presenting work on shared samples without acknowledging their contribution.

在加纳，一些在较贫穷机构工作的科学家对那些在较富裕机构工作却不承认其贡献的科学家表示不满。

Others say they sometimes have more input¹⁹ on samples sent to New York than to South Africa.

另一些人说，他们有时对寄往纽约的样品的投入比寄往南非的要多。

"It's the same issue," says University of North Carolina bioethicist Eric Juengst.

“这是同一个问题，” 北卡罗来纳大学生物伦理学家埃里克·云斯特说。

Just as with international collaborators, the idea of sending tissue samples across a border raises fears of exploitation and resentment²⁰ about helping²¹ an economic competitor.

就像与国际合作者一样，将组织样本送过国界的想法引发了对剥削的恐惧和对帮助经济竞争对手的怨恨。

1 relinquish   

v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手

参考例句：

• He was forced to relinquish control of the company.他被迫放弃公司的掌控权。
• They will never voluntarily relinquish their independence.他们绝对不会自动放弃独立。

2 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

3 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

4 perpetuation   

n.永存，不朽

参考例句：

• Are there some on going policies that encourage its perpetuation? 现在是否有一些持续的政策令这会根深蒂固？ 来自互联网
• Does the mental perpetuation exist? 存在心理的永恒吗？ 来自互联网

5 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。

6 substantive   

adj.表示实在的；本质的、实质性的；独立的；n.实词，实名词；独立存在的实体

参考例句：

• They plan to meet again in Rome very soon to begin substantive negotiations.他们计划不久在罗马再次会晤以开始实质性的谈判。
• A president needs substantive advice,but he also requires emotional succor. 一个总统需要实质性的建议，但也需要感情上的支持。

7 capability   

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等

参考例句：

• She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
• Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。

8 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

9 worthy   

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

10 investigators   

n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
• The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

12 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

13 hereditary   

adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的

参考例句：

• The Queen of England is a hereditary ruler.英国女王是世袭的统治者。
• In men,hair loss is hereditary.男性脱发属于遗传。

14 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

16 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

17 conundrums   

n.谜，猜不透的难题，难答的问题( conundrum的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• After all the conundrums of Hungary, the second Turkish Grand Prix promises much. 继匈牙利站所有猜不透的事之后，第二届土耳其大奖赛许诺了太多。 来自互联网
• I see conundrums, dilemmas, quandaries, impasses, gnarly thickets of fateful possibility with no obvious way out. 眼看问题经纬万端，进退两难、入困境，死路一条，盘根错节的命定可能性，但找不到明显的出路。 来自互联网

18 collaboration   

n.合作，协作；勾结

参考例句：

• The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
• He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。

19 input   

n.输入(物)；投入；vt.把(数据等)输入计算机

参考例句：

• I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.我将永远感激他的大量投入。
• All this information had to be input onto the computer.所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。

20 resentment   

n.怨愤，忿恨

参考例句：

• All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
• She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。

21 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。