新闻周刊:俄罗斯对美国的冷战战略(5)

Countering the Trolls

打击喷子

This time, the trolls no longer have the advantage of surprise. Efforts are underway to block them or reduce their influence.

这一次，喷子不再有出其不意的优势。目前正在努力阻止或减少其影响。

Under mounting political pressure, both Facebook and Twitter have vowed¹ to shut down the trolls. Before the 2018 mid-term election, the FBI identified dozens of accounts and pages operated by the IRA. Facebook promptly² inactivated³ them. It also set up a "war room" to monitor threats as they emerged in real time.

在越来越大的政治压力下，Facebook和Twitter都誓言要这些喷子闭嘴。在2018年中期选举之前，美国联邦调查局确认了数十个由俄罗斯互联网研究机构运营的账户和页面。Facebook立即将其注销。Facebook还设立了一个“作战室”，以监控实时出现的威胁。

Federal agencies, meanwhile, have ramped⁴ up efforts to help voters spot bots and disinformation campaigns. Election officials in West Virginia, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio and Connecticut plan to include disinformation education in their voter education programs.

与此同时，联邦机构也加大了力度，帮助选民发现机器人和虚假信息。西弗吉尼亚州、爱荷华州、堪萨斯州、俄亥俄州和康涅狄格州的选举官员计划将虚假信息教育纳入选民教育项目。

The military's Cyber Command has also been active. Before the 2018 election, they launched a campaign to deter⁵ the Russians behind the 2016 influence campaign, warning Russian operatives to cease their efforts and knocking a troll farm run by the IRA offline for several days.

军方的网络司令部也很活跃。2018年大选之前，他们发起了一场运动，以阻止支持2016年影响力运动的俄罗斯人，警告俄罗斯特工停止他们的努力，并将俄罗斯互联网研究机构经营的一个喷子农场关闭数日。

But no one is under any illusions about the challenges that lie ahead. We expect Russia to continue "to focus on aggravating⁶ social and racial tensions, undermining trust in authorities, and criticizing perceived anti-Russia politicians," Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats told the Senate Intelligence Committee in January. "Moscow may employ additional influence toolkits—such as spreading disinformation, conducting hack-and-leak operations, or manipulating data—in a more targeted fashion to influence US policy, actions, and elections."

但没有人对未来的挑战抱有任何幻想。美国国家情报总监丹?科茨今年1月对参议院情报委员会表示，我们预计俄罗斯将继续“专注于加剧社会和种族紧张局势，削弱对当局的信任，并批评被认为是反俄的政客”。“莫斯科可能会使用额外的影响力工具——比如散播虚假信息，进行黑客攻击和泄露操作，或者以更有针对性的方式操纵数据——来影响美国的政策、行动和选举。”

Not only did the Russians continue their tactics through 2018, says the FBI's Wray, "but we've seen an indication that they're continuing to adapt their model, and that other countries are taking a very interested eye in that approach".

联邦调查局的雷表示，俄罗斯不仅在2018年继续他们的策略，“但我们已经看到，有迹象表明，它们正在继续调整自己的模式，其他国家也对这种做法非常感兴趣。”

1 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

2 promptly   

adv.及时地，敏捷地

参考例句：

• He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
• She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。

3 inactivated   

v.使不活泼，阻止活动( inactivate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Molluscicides are quickly inactivated by sunlight and adsorption to mud organic matter. 灭螺剂因阳光作用、泥土及有机物质的吸收会很快失效。 来自辞典例句
• Viruses were inactivated by BPL and the toxicity measured again. BPL对病毒进行灭活，测定残存毒力。 来自互联网

4 ramped   

土堤斜坡( ramp的过去式和过去分词 )； 斜道； 斜路； （装车或上下飞机的）活动梯

参考例句：

• With the arrival of George Lucas, the pace has ramped up. 随着乔治·卢卡斯的到来，速度大大加快。
• They also sold corporate bonds as the global financial crisis ramped up. 在全球金融危机加剧之际，他们还抛售了公司债券。

5 deter   

vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住

参考例句：

• Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
• Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。

6 aggravating   

adj.恼人的，讨厌的

参考例句：

• How aggravating to be interrupted! 被打扰，多令人生气呀！
• Diesel exhaust is particularly aggravating to many susceptible individuals. 许多体质敏感的人尤其反感柴油废气。