美国学生历史 第4期:美国的西班牙和法国先驱(1)

 　　Chapter 2 Spanish And French Pioneers In The United States 第2章 美国的西班牙和法国先驱

　　10.Stories of Golden Lands. 10．关于黄金地带的故事

　　Wherever the Spaniards went, the Indians always told them stories of golden lands somewhere else. 无论西班牙人到了哪里，印第安人都向他们讲述遍地都是黄金的故事，

　　The Bahama Indians, for instance, told their cruel Spanish masters of a wonderful land toward the north. 例如，巴哈马群岛的印第安人向残暴的西班牙总督讲到北方一块神奇的陆地，

　　Not only was there gold in that land; there was also a fountain whose waters restored youth and vigor¹ to the drinker. 那里不仅有黄金，还有一眼泉，泉水可以让人恢复青春，并让喝水的人强壮。

　　Among the fierce Spanish soldiers was Ponce de Leon. He determined² to see for himself if these stories were true. 这些残暴的西班牙士兵中就有庞塞·德·莱昂，他决定亲自去看看这些故事是否为真。

　　11. Discovery of Florida, 1513. 11．发现佛罗里达（1513年）

　　In the same year that Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean, Ponce de Leon sailed northward³ and westward⁴ from the Bahamas. 在巴波亚发现太平洋的同一年，庞塞·德·莱昂从巴哈马群岛向西北航行，

　　On Easter Sunday, 1513, he anchored off the shores of a new land. 在1513年复活节那一天，他在一个新陆地的海岸上抛锚，

　　The Spanish name for Easter was La Pascua de los Flores. So De Leon called the new land Florida. 西班牙人把复活节叫做LaPascua de losFlores，因此，德·莱昂把新陆地叫做佛罗里达。

　　For the Spaniards were a very religious people and usually named their lands and settlements from saints or religious events. 西班牙人非常注重宗教信仰，并常常以先知和宗教事件来命名他们的陆地和殖民地。

　　De Leon then sailed around the southern end of Florida and back to the West Indies. 后来，德·利昂航行到佛罗里达南部附近海域，并回到西印度群岛。

　　In 1521 he again visited Florida, was wounded by an Indian arrow, and returned home to die. 在1521年，德·莱昂再次到达佛罗里达，但是，他中了印第安人的箭，并在回家后死去。

　　12. Spanish Voyages and Conquests. 12．西班牙人的航海和征服

　　Spanish sailors and conquerors⁵ now appeared in quick succession on the northern and western shores of the Gulf⁶ of Mexico. 西班牙水手和征服者迅速行进到达墨西哥湾的西北部海域，

　　One of them discovered the mouth of the Mississippi.  其中一个人发现了通往密西西比河的出口。

　　Others of them stole Indians and carried them to the islands to work as slaves. 其他人则抢了一些印第安人，将他们带到岛屿上当奴隶使用。

　　The most famous of them all was Cortez. 这些人中最著名的是科尔特兹。

　　In 1519 he conquered Mexico after a thrilling campaign and found there great store of gold and silver. 1519年，科尔特兹经过激战征服墨西哥，他发现墨西哥有大量的黄金和白银，

　　This discovery led to more expeditions and to the exploration of the southern half of the United States. 这个发现吸引了更多探险者到来，并吸引他们去美国南半部探险。

　　13. Coronado in the Southwest, 1540-1542. 13．卡罗纳多在美国西南部（1540——1542年）

　　In 1540 Coronado set out from the Spanish towns on the Gulf of California to seek for more gold and silver. 1540年卡罗纳多离开西班牙去加利福尼亚湾寻找更多的黄金和白银，

　　For seventy-three days he journeyed northward until he came to the pueblos⁷ of the Southwest. 他向北走了73天到达美国西南部的普韦布洛村庄，

　　These pueblos were huge buildings of stone and sun-dried clay. 这些普韦布洛村庄的人住在一些用石头建成的巨大建筑物中，这些石屋饱经日晒雨淋。

　　Some of them were large enough to shelter three hundred Indian families. 其中一些石屋可以容纳三百户印第安人家庭居住。

　　Pueblos are still to be seen in Arizona and New Mexico, 今天在亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州仍然可以看到这些普韦布洛村庄，

　　and the Indians living in them even to this day tell stories of Coronado's coming and of his cruelty. 住在那里的人仍然知道关于卡罗纳多的到来及其残暴统治的故事。

　　There was hardly any gold and silver in these "cities," so a great grief fell upon Coronado and his comrades. 这些“城市”中几乎没有什么黄金和白银，卡罗拉多和他的同行者感到十分悲伤。

1 vigor   

n.活力，精力，元气

参考例句：

• The choir sang the words out with great vigor.合唱团以极大的热情唱出了歌词。
• She didn't want to be reminded of her beauty or her former vigor.现在，她不愿人们提起她昔日的美丽和以前的精力充沛。

2 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

3 northward   

adv.向北；n.北方的地区

参考例句：

• He pointed his boat northward.他将船驶向北方。
• I would have a chance to head northward quickly.我就很快有机会去北方了。

4 westward   

n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西

参考例句：

• We live on the westward slope of the hill.我们住在这座山的西山坡。
• Explore westward or wherever.向西或到什么别的地方去勘探。

5 conquerors   

征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Danes had selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. 这些丹麦人具有征服者的自信，而且他们的安全防卫也是漫不经心的。
• The conquerors believed in crushing the defeated people into submission, knowing that they could not win their loyalty by the victory. 征服者们知道他们的胜利并不能赢得失败者的忠心，于是就认为只有通过武力才能将他们压服。

6 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

7 pueblos   

n.印第安人村庄( pueblo的名词复数 )

参考例句：