美国学生历史 第16期:新英格兰(3)

 　　48. The Founding of Massachusetts, 1629-30. 48．马萨诸塞的创建（1629——1630年）

　　Unlike the poor and humble¹ Pilgrims were the founders² of Massachusetts. 马萨诸塞的创建者不像朝圣者那样贫穷和可怜，

　　They were men of wealth and social position, as for instance, John Winthrop and Sir Richard Saltonstall. 他们有一定的社会地位和财富，如约翰·文思罗普和理查德·桑顿斯多爵士。

　　They left comfortable homes in England to found a Puritan state in America. 这些人离开自己在英格兰舒适的家园到美洲创建一个清教徒的居住地，

　　They got a great tract³ of land extending from the Merrimac to the Charles, and westward⁴ across the continent. 他们得到一大片土地，这块土地从梅里麦克延伸到查尔斯，并且向西穿过大陆。

　　Hundreds of colonists⁵ came over in the years 1629-30. They settled Boston, Salem, and neighboring towns. 1629——1630年，数以百计的殖民者来到这里，他们创建了波斯顿和塞伦，并在它们周边建起一些小镇。

　　In the next ten years thousands more joined them. From the beginning Massachusetts was strong and prosperous. 接下来的十年间，又有数千人来到这里居住。马萨诸塞自诞生起就是强大而富足的，

　　Among so many people there were some who did not get on happily with the rulers of the colony. 但是，其中有一些人与殖民地的统治者相处并不愉快。

　　49. Roger Williams and Religious Liberty. 49．罗杰·威廉姆斯和宗教自由

　　Among the newcomers was Roger Williams, a Puritan minister. 罗杰·威廉姆斯是新到马萨诸塞的人之一，他是一名清教徒事务官，

　　He disagreed with the Massachusetts leaders on several points. 在几个方面与马萨诸塞的首领观点不合，

　　For instance, he thought that the Massachusetts people had no right to their lands, 例如，罗杰·威廉姆斯认为马萨诸塞的人没有土地所有权，

　　and he insisted that the rulers had no power in religious matters—as enforcing the laws as to Sunday. 并且他坚持认为管理者没有权力插手宗教事务，如就星期日给出强制性的法律。

　　He insisted on these points so strongly that the Massachusetts government expelled him from the colony. 罗杰·威廉姆斯强硬地坚持这些观点，这导致马萨诸塞政府将他驱逐出这个殖民地。

　　In the spring of 1636, with four companions he founded the town of Providence⁶. 1636年春天，罗杰·威廉姆斯和他的四个同伴创建小镇普罗维登斯，

　　There he decided⁷ that every one should be free to worship God as he or she saw fit. 他规定在这个小镇上所有的人都应该以自己的方式崇拜上帝。

　　50. The Rhode Island Towns. 50．罗得岛小镇

　　Soon another band of exiles came from Massachusetts. These were Mrs. Hutchinson and her followers⁸. 很快又有一些放逐者从马萨诸塞赶来，他们是哈钦森夫人和她的随从们。

　　Mrs. Hutchinson was a brilliant Puritan woman who had come to Boston from England to enjoy the ministry⁹ of John Cotton, one of the Boston ministers. 哈钦森夫人是一位杰出的清教徒，她曾经从英格兰赶到波士顿为波士顿大臣之一约翰·科顿效力。

　　She soon began to find fault with the other ministers of the colony. Naturally, they did not like this. 哈钦森夫人很快就发现这片殖民地上其他大臣的错误之处，自然，这些人也不喜欢她。

　　Their friends were more numerous than were Mrs. Hutchinson's friends, and the latter had to leave Massachusetts. 这些人的朋友比哈钦森夫人的朋友多得多，她不得不离开马萨诸塞。

　　They settled on the island of Rhode Island (1637). 他们在罗得岛安了家（1637年）。

　　51. The Connecticut Colony. 51．康涅狄格殖民地

　　Besides those Puritans whom the Massachusetts people drove from their colony there were other settlers who left Massachusetts of their own free will. 除了被马萨诸塞人驱逐的那些清教徒，在此定居的还有一些自愿离开马萨诸塞的人，

　　Among these were the founders of Connecticut. 其中一些人就是康涅狄格的创建者，

　　The Massachusetts people would gladly have had them remain, but they were discontented and insisted on going away. 马萨诸塞人非常希望这些人留下来，但是，他们表示不满，并坚持离开马萨诸塞。

　　They settled the towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Weathersfield, on the Connecticut River. 他们在康涅狄格河畔的哈特福德、温莎和怀特菲尔德定居。

　　At about the same time John Winthrop, Jr., led a colony to Saybrook, at the mouth of the Connecticut. 大约与此同时，小约翰·温思罗普带着一部分人来到康涅狄格河河口的塞布鲁克。

　　Up to this time the Dutch had seemed to have the best chance to settle the Connecticut Valley. 此时，似乎荷兰人最有机会在康涅狄格流域定居，

　　But the control of that region was now definitely in the hands of the English. 但是，事实上这个地区牢牢掌控在英国人的手里。

1 humble   

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

• In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
• Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

2 founders   

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
• The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句

3 tract   

n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林)

参考例句：

• He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
• He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。

4 westward   

n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西

参考例句：

• We live on the westward slope of the hill.我们住在这座山的西山坡。
• Explore westward or wherever.向西或到什么别的地方去勘探。

5 colonists   

n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Colonists from Europe populated many parts of the Americas. 欧洲的殖民者移居到了美洲的许多地方。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some of the early colonists were cruel to the native population. 有些早期移居殖民地的人对当地居民很残忍。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 providence   

n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝

参考例句：

• It is tempting Providence to go in that old boat.乘那艘旧船前往是冒大险。
• To act as you have done is to fly in the face of Providence.照你的所作所为那样去行事，是违背上帝的意志的。

7 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

8 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

9 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。