美国学生历史 第70期:政府的组建(3)

 　　196. Appointments to Office. 196．官员的任命

　　The President now appointed the necessary officers to execute the national laws. 此时，总统开始任命必要的官员以执行国家法律，

　　These were mostly men who had been prominent in the Revolutionary War. 被任命的人都是一些在革命战争中表现卓著的人，

　　For instance, John Jay was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme¹ Court, and General Lincoln was appointed Collector of Customs at Boston. 例如，约翰o杰伊被任命为最高法院的首席大法官，林肯将军被任命为波士顿的海关署长。

　　It was in having officers of its own to carry out its laws, that the new government seemed to the people to be so unlike the old government. 有自己的官员去执行自己的法律，这是新政府看起来与过去政府不一样的地方。

　　Formerly² if Congress wanted anything done, it called on the states to do it. 在以往，如果国会想要做什么事，它让各个州去做，

　　Now Congress, by law, authorized³ the United States officials to do their tasks. 现在的国会通过法律给予美国的官员授权去完成他们的任务，

　　The difference was a very great one, and it took the people some time to realize what a great change had been made. 这是一个巨大的差别，并且人们要花费一些时间来认识如此做出的是一个什么样的巨大转变。

　　197. The Question of Titles. 197．头衔问题

　　The first fiercely contested debate in the new Congress was over the question of titles. 新国会第一个有激烈争议的是头衔问题，

　　John Adams, the Vice-President and the presiding officer of the Senate, began the conflict by asking the Senate how he should address the President. 副总统兼参议院首席约翰o亚当斯发起这个问题。他问自己在和总统说话时该如何称谓总统。

　　One senator suggested that the President should be entitled "His Patriotic⁴ Majesty⁵." 一个参议员建议冠之以"爱国的陛下"，

　　Other senators proposed that he should be addressed as "Your Highness, the President of the United States and Protector of their Liberties." 其他参议员提出他应该冠之以"殿下，美国总统和人民自由的保护者"。

　　Fortunately, the House of Representatives had the first chance to address Washington and simply called him "Mr. President of the United States." 众议院幸运地获得第一次称谓华盛顿的机会，议员们简单地称呼他为"美国总统先生"。

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

3 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

4 patriotic   

adj.爱国的，有爱国心的

参考例句：

• His speech was full of patriotic sentiments.他的演说充满了爱国之情。
• The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese.这位老人是一位爱国华侨。

5 majesty   

n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权

参考例句：

• The king had unspeakable majesty.国王有无法形容的威严。
• Your Majesty must make up your mind quickly!尊贵的陛下，您必须赶快做出决定！