美国学生历史 第169期:关于堪萨斯的纷争(6)

 358. The Lincoln and Douglas Debates, 1858. 358．林肯与道格拉斯的辩论（1858年）

The question of the reelection of Douglas to the Senate now came before the people of Illinois. 现在伊利诺斯州的人民要考虑道格拉斯在参议院的连任问题，

Abraham Lincoln stepped forward to contest the election with him. 亚伯拉罕·林肯走到前台，他反对道格拉斯连任。

"A house divided against itself cannot stand," said Lincoln. "一个自身被分为几个部分的房子不可能矗立"，

"This government cannot endure half slave and half free… It will become all one thing or all the other." 林肯说，"这个政府不可能容忍一半是奴隶制而另一半是自由民……"

He challenged Douglas to debate the issues with him before the people, and Douglas accepted the challenge. 他向道格拉斯发出挑战，要他与自己在公众面前辩论这些问题，道格拉斯接受了这个挑战。

Seven joint¹ debates were held in the presence of immense crowds. 他们在大庭广众之下进行了7场辩论，

Lincoln forced Douglas to defend the doctrine² of "popular sovereignty." 林肯迫使道格拉斯为"普通主权"这个信条辩护，

This Douglas did by declaring that the legislatures of the territories could make laws hostile to slavery. 道格拉斯为此的辩护是宣称各地的立法机关可以制定与奴隶制敌对的法律。

This idea, of course, was opposed to the Dred Scott decision. 当然，这个思想与对德莱德o斯科特的判决对立。

Douglas won the election and was returned to the Senate.  道格拉斯在选举中获胜并重返参议院，

But Lincoln had made a national reputation. 但林肯在全国范围内赢得了声誉。

359. "Bleeding Kansas." 359．"流血的堪萨斯"

Meantime civil war had broken out in Kansas, Slavery men attacked Lawrence, killed a few free-state settlers, and burned several buildings. 与此同时，内战在堪萨斯爆发，奴隶们进攻劳伦斯，他们杀死一些自由民州的殖民地居民，并烧掉一些建筑物。

Led by John Brown, an immigrant from New York, free-state men attacked a party of slave-state men and killed five of them. 在纽约移民来的约翰·布朗的带领下，主张自由民的人向一个主张奴隶制的人组织的聚会发动攻击，杀死5人。

By 1857 the free-state voters had become so numerous that it was no longer possible to outvote them by bringing men from Missouri, and they chose a free-state legislature. 到了1857年，主张自由民的投票者已经变得如此众多，几乎不可能通过从密苏里带来人的方法以多数票击败他们，于是他们选择一个主张自由民者的立法机关。

1 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

2 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。