美国学生历史 第20期:新荷兰和新瑞典(2)

 　　60. The Founding of New Netherland. 60．新荷兰的创建

　　In 1621 the Dutch West India Company was founded. 1621年，荷兰西印度公司创建，

　　Its first object was trade, but it also was directed "to advance the peopling" of the American lands claimed by the Dutch. 它的首要任务是贸易，但是，荷兰人宣称它还要引导美洲“居住人口的提升”。

　　Colonists¹ now came over; they settled at New Amsterdam, on the southern end of Manhattan Island, 此时，殖民者过来了，他们在曼哈顿岛南端的新阿姆斯特丹定居，

　　and also on the western end of Long Island. 也在长岛西端定居。

　　By 1628 there were four hundred colonists in New Netherland. 截止到1628年，新荷兰有四百多名殖民地居民，

　　But the colony did not grow rapidly, so the Company tried to interest rich men in the scheme of colonization², 但是，这个殖民地的发展并不快，西印度公司因此试图吸引殖民方案中的富人过来，

　　by giving them large tracts³ of land and large powers of government. 于是，向他们提供大片土地和政府要职。

　　These great land owners were called patroons. Most of them were not very successful. 这些拥有大片土地的人被叫做大庄园主，他们多数并不十分成功，

　　Indeed, the whole plan was given up before long, and land was given to any one who would come out and settle. 实际上，不久整个计划都被搁浅，土地被送给所有来此定居的人。

　　61. Kieft and the Indians, 1643—44. 61．基福特和印第安人（1643——1644年）

　　The worst of the early Dutch governors was William Kieft. 早期荷兰总督中最坏的是威廉·基福特，

　　He was a bankrupt and a thief, who was sent to New Netherland in the hope that he would reform. 他是一个破产者和小偷，是被发送到新荷兰改过自新的人。

　　At first he did well and put a stop to the smuggling⁴ and cheating which were common in the colony. 最初威廉·基福特做得很好，阻止了殖民地上常见的欺骗和走私。

　　Emigrants⁵ came over in large numbers, and everything seemed to be going on well 移民们纷至沓来，一切似乎井然有序，

　　when Kieft's brutality⁶ brought on an Indian war that nearly destroyed the colony. 但是，基福特的残暴带来一场印第安人战争，这场战争几乎毁掉这片殖民地。

　　The Indians living near New Amsterdam sought shelter from the Iroquois on the mainland opposite Manhattan Island. 居住在新阿姆斯特丹附近的印第安人从居住在曼哈顿岛对面大陆上的易洛魁族人那里寻求庇护，

　　Kieft thought it would be a grand thing to kill all these Indian neighbors while they were collected together. 基福特认为，在这些印第安人邻居聚集在一起时杀死他们实为上策。

　　He sent a party of soldiers across the river and killed many of them. 他派出一支队伍过河杀死了许多印第安人，

　　The result was a fierce war with all the neighboring tribes. 这导致了与所有邻近部族之间的一场残酷战争。

　　The Dutch colonists were driven from their farms. Even New Amsterdam with its stockade⁷ was not safe. 印第安人将荷兰殖民者赶出农场，即使带有栅栏的新阿姆斯特丹也不是安全之所，

　　For the Indians sometimes came within the stockade and killed the people in the town. 因为印第安人有时靠近栅栏去杀死镇上的人。

　　When there were less than two hundred people left in New Amsterdam, Kieft was recalled, 在镇上剩下不足两百人时，基福特被召回，

　　and Peter Stuyvesant was sent as governor in his stead. 彼得·斯特文森特接替他担任总督。

1 colonists   

n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Colonists from Europe populated many parts of the Americas. 欧洲的殖民者移居到了美洲的许多地方。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some of the early colonists were cruel to the native population. 有些早期移居殖民地的人对当地居民很残忍。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 colonization   

殖民地的开拓，殖民，殖民地化； 移殖

参考例句：

• Colonization took place during the Habsburg dynasty. 开拓殖民地在哈布斯堡王朝就进行过。
• These countries took part in the colonization of Africa. 这些国家参与非洲殖民地的开发。

3 tracts   

大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文

参考例句：

• vast tracts of forest 大片大片的森林
• There are tracts of desert in Australia. 澳大利亚有大片沙漠。

4 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

5 emigrants   

n.（从本国移往他国的）移民( emigrant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• At last the emigrants got to their new home. 移民们终于到达了他们的新家。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• 'Truly, a decree for selling the property of emigrants.' “有那么回事，是出售外逃人员财产的法令。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

6 brutality   

n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮

参考例句：

• The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
• a general who was infamous for his brutality 因残忍而恶名昭彰的将军

7 stockade   

n.栅栏，围栏；v.用栅栏防护

参考例句：

• I had not gone a hundred yards when I reached the stockade.我跑了不到一百码，就到了栅栏前。
• A heavy stockade around the cabin protected the pioneer from attack.小屋周围的厚厚的栅栏保护拓荒者免受攻击。