美国学生历史 第55期:独立(4)

 　　165.Yorktown, September-October, 1781. 165．约克郡（1781年9~10月）

　　Rochambeau led his men to New York and joined the main American army. 洛克汉姆带领部队到达纽约并加入到美国陆军主力，

　　Washington now took command of the allied¹ forces. 此时华盛顿掌管着联军，

　　He pretended that he was about to attack New York and deceived Clinton so completely that Clinton ordered Cornwallis to send some of his soldiers to New York. 他假装要进攻纽约并完全蒙蔽了克林顿，克林顿命令康沃利斯派一部分士兵去纽约，

　　But the allies were marching southward through Philadelphia before Clinton realized what they were about. 但在克林顿明白联军意图之前联军已经穿过费城南下，

　　The French West India fleet under De Grasse reached one end of the Chesapeake Bay at the same time the allies reached the other end. 在联军到达切萨皮克海湾一端的同时，德·格拉斯率领的法国西印度群岛舰队到达切萨皮克海湾的另一端。

　　The British fleet attacked it and was beaten off. 英国军舰向法国舰队发起攻击，但被打退，

　　There was now no hope for Cornwallis. 此时康沃利斯已经没有希望获胜，

　　No help could reach him by sea. The soldiers of the allies outnumbered him two to one. 他不可能再得到来自海上的援助，联军士兵在数量上超出英军一倍。

　　On October 17, 1781, four years to a day since the surrender of Burgoyne, a drummer boy appeared on the rampart of Yorktown and beat a parley². 1781年10月17日，自伯格恩投降后整整四年，一天也不差，一个敲鼓的男孩出现在约克郡的城墙上敲响谈判的鼓点，

　　Two days later the British soldiers marched out to the good old British tune³ of "The world turned upside down," and laid down their arms. 两天后，在"被颠倒了的世界"这支优美的古英格兰曲子声中，英军士兵开出约克郡，并将他们的武器都放到地上。

　　166. Treaty of Peace, 1783. 166．《和平条约》（1783年）

　　This disaster put an end to British hopes of conquering America. 这场灾难破灭了英国征服美国的愿望，

　　But it was not until September, 1783, that Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay brought the negotiations⁴ for peace to an end. 但是，直到1783年9月本杰明·富兰克林、约翰·亚当斯和约翰·杰伊才完成和平谈判。

　　Great Britain acknowledged the independence of the United States. 大不列颠承认美国的独立，

　　The territory of the United States was defined as extending from the Great Lakes to the thirty-first parallel of latitude⁵ and from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. 将美国领土界定为从五大湖到北纬31度线，以及从大西洋到密西西比河之间的地区。

　　Spain had joined the United States and France in the war. 在战争中西班牙加入了美国和法国的行列，

　　Spanish soldiers had conquered Florida, and Spain kept Florida at the peace. 西班牙士兵夺取了佛罗里达，并且西班牙在和平时期拥有佛罗里达。

　　In this way Spanish Florida and Louisiana surrounded the United States on the south and the west. 这样，美国的南面和西面分别是西班牙的佛罗里达和法国的路易斯安那，

　　British territory bounded the United States on the north and the northeast. 北面和东北则是英国。

1 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

2 parley   

n.谈判

参考例句：

• The governor was forced to parley with the rebels.州长被迫与反叛者谈判。
• The general held a parley with the enemy about exchanging prisoners.将军与敌人谈判交换战俘事宜。

3 tune   

n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整

参考例句：

• He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
• The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

4 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

5 latitude   

n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区

参考例句：

• The latitude of the island is 20 degrees south.该岛的纬度是南纬20度。
• The two cities are at approximately the same latitude.这两个城市差不多位于同一纬度上。