美国学生历史 第75期:政府的组建(8)

 　　206. The First Bank of the United States. 206．美国的第一个银行

　　Two parts of Hamilton's plan were now adopted. 此时汉米尔顿计划中的两个部分已经被通过，

　　To the third part of his scheme there was even more opposition¹. 对于这个方案的第三个部分仍存在大量反对意见，

　　This was the establishment of a great Bank of the United States. 这个部分就是创办一个大的美国银行。

　　The government in 1790 had no place in which to keep its money. 1790年，政府没有地方存放国家的钱，

　　Instead of establishing government treasuries², Hamilton wanted a great national bank, controlled by the government. 汉米尔顿不想建立政府国库，而是想建立一个由政府控制的大型国家银行，

　　This bank could establish branches in important cities. 这个银行可以在一些重要城市设立分行，

　　The government's money could be deposited at any of these branches and could be paid out by checks sent from the Treasury³. 政府的钱可以在任何一个支行中储存，可以用财政部开出的支票来提取。

　　Furthermore, people could buy a part of the stock of the bank with the new bonds of the United States. 而且，人们可以用美国的新债券购买这个银行的部分股票，

　　This would make people more eager to own the bonds, and so would increase their price. 这将使得人们急于拥有债券，因此将会提升其价格。

　　For all these reasons Hamilton thought the bank would be very useful, and therefore "necessary and proper" for the carrying out of the powers given by the Constitution to the national government. 根据这些理由，汉米尔顿认为这个银行将非常有用，并且，对行使宪法给予国民政府的权力而言，"必要且适当"。

　　Jefferson, however, thought that the words "necessary and proper" meant necessary and not useful. 然而，杰斐逊认为"必要且适当"这个词意味着必要而没用，

　　The bank was not necessary according to the ordinary use of the word. Congress therefore had no business to establish it. 根据这个词的日常使用并不必要有这样的银行，因此国会无权创建这样的银行。

　　After thinking the matter over, Washington signed the bill and it became a law. 经过反复考虑，华盛顿签署了这个议案，它由此变成一项法律。

　　But Jefferson had sounded the alarm. 但杰斐逊已经就此提出过警告，

　　Many persons agreed with him, many others agreed with Hamilton. 许多人支持杰斐逊，另有许多人支持汉米尔顿，

　　Two great political parties were formed and began the contest for power that has been going on ever since. 两个大的政治党派形成了，他们从此开始权力角逐，直至今天。

1 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

2 treasuries   

n.（政府的）财政部( treasury的名词复数 )；国库，金库

参考例句：

• Yields on Treasuries, Bunds and gilts can remain at historically low levels. 美国国债、德国国债和英国国债的收益率仍然可以维持在历史低位。 来自互联网
• Treasuries and gold rose in response but the dollar fell sharply. 接着，国债和黄金的价格上涨，而美元价格则猛跌。 来自互联网

3 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。